B1 - Animal Cell Specialisation

What does it mean if a cell is specialised?

The cell has adaptations to carry out a specific function.

What is the process of a cell becoming specialised called?

Differentiation.

What is the function of a sperm cell?

To fertilise an ovum (egg cell).

What genetic information does a sperm cell contain?

Half the genetic information (haploid) of a normal adult cell.

How is the sperm cell adapted for movement?

It has a long tail and a streamlined shape.

Why does a sperm cell have many mitochondria?

To release energy needed for swimming to the egg.

What is the role of enzymes in the head of a sperm cell?

To digest through the egg's outer layer so fertilisation can occur.

What is the function of a nerve cell (neurone)?

To carry electrical impulses around the body.

How does the axon help a nerve cell carry out its function?

The axon is long, allowing impulses to travel long distances.

What is the role of myelin in a nerve cell?

Myelin insulates the axon and speeds up nerve impulse transmission.

What are synapses and why are they important?

Synapses are junctions at the end of an axon that allow impulses to pass to other nerve cells.

What is the role of dendrites in nerve cells?

Dendrites increase the surface area so nerve cells can connect easily with others.

What is the function of a muscle cell?

To contract and produce movement.

How do protein fibres in muscle cells help contraction?

The protein fibres shorten, decreasing the cell's length when contracting.

Why do muscle cells contain many mitochondria?

To provide energy for contraction.

How do muscle cells work together?

They join to form muscle tissue for coordinated movement.