Civil War flashards

How did people initially react to the start of the Civil War?

With excitement and romanticism; some even picnicked to watch the Battle of Bull Run.

What is significant about the Civil War in American history?

It is the deadliest single war, with 620,000 Americans killed—almost as many as all other U.S. wars combined.

When and where was the Battle of Bull Run fought?

July 21, 1861, in Virginia.

Who led the forces at the Battle of Bull Run?

Union: Irvin McDowell; Confederacy: Pierre Beauregard.

What was the outcome and significance of the Battle of Bull Run?

Southern reinforcements caused a Union retreat. It boosted Southern confidence and made the North realize the war would be long and hard.

Who was “Stonewall” Jackson?

Confederate General Thomas Jackson, nicknamed for his stand at Bull Run.

What was the "Great Skedaddle"?

A chaotic Union retreat during the Battle of Bull Run.

Why is the Civil War considered the first "Total War"?

It involved entire societies—civilians supported the war effort, and battles engaged up to 100,000 troops.

Who replaced McDowell after Bull Run?

George McClellan, nicknamed “Little Napoleon.”

What happened at Fort Donelson?

Ulysses S. Grant demanded “Unconditional Surrender” and captured the fort, boosting Union control in Tennessee.

What was Ulysses S. Grant’s leadership style?

Aggressive, focused, and action-oriented. Lincoln supported him because he fought.

Describe the Battle of Shiloh.

April 6-7, 1862. Johnston surprised Grant’s army. Fierce fighting at “Hornets’ Nest.” Johnston died, but the Union held and claimed victory.

What was the “Bloody Pond”?

An area during Shiloh where doctors treated all soldiers; became soaked with blood from amputations.

What happened at the Battle of Stone’s River?

December 31, 1862. One of the bloodiest battles in the West; 25,000 casualties. No clear victor.

What triggered Robert E. Lee’s command?

Joe Johnston’s injury at the Battle of Seven Pines.

What was the Seven Days’ Battle?

Lee attacked McClellan for seven days, saving Richmond. McClellan was replaced afterward.

What happened at the Second Battle of Bull Run?

Another Southern victory; Pope replaced by McClellan again.

Why was McClellan called “the slows”?

He was overly cautious and delayed action, frustrating Lincoln.

What happened at Antietam?

September 17, 1862. The bloodiest day in U.S. history with 23,000 casualties. North won but failed to pursue Lee.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare?

On Sep. 22, 1862, it declared slaves in Confederate states free—symbolic, but a turning point.