Viruses and Prions

Which WBC increase with a Viral infection?

Lymphocytes

Viruses

1.) take over cell, have either RNA or DNA

2.) proteinaceous capsid around genome, some have and envelope around the capsid

Prions

1.) infectious particles made only of protein, no nucleic acid

2.) Cause slow disease called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob)

3.) more resistant than virus → inactivated by hypochlorite or autoclaving

4.) cause no immune response or inflammatory response

Adenovirus

1.) family: adeno

2.) upper and lower respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, diarrhea E

Echovirus

1.) family = picorna

2.) URI, pharyngitis, skin rash

Rhinovirus

1.) family: picorna

2.) URI, common cold

Coxsackie virus

1.) family: picorna

2.) Pleurodynia → pain intercostal muscles due to pleural irritation (“Devil’s Grip”), herpangina → vesiculo-ulcerative lesions, myocarditis, pancreatitis, hand foot and mouth disease

Influenza A and B

family: orthomyxo

Respiratory Syncytial virus

1.) family = paramyxo

2.) bronchitis, pneumonia in children

Mumps

1.) family = paramyxo

2.) pancreatitis, orchitis, oophoritis

Norovirus

1.) family = calciviridae

2.) nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy

Rotavirus

1.) family = reo

2.) childhood diarrhea (MC)

Hepatitis A

1.) family: picorna

2.) acute viral hepatitis → Oral, fecal

Hepatitis B

1.) family = Hepadna

2.) Acute or chronic hepatitis, blood

Hepatitis C

1.) family: flaviviridae

2.) non-a, non-b causes infusion hepatitis

Measles

1.) family = paramyxo

2.) (Rubeola), koplik spots

Rubella

1.) family = toga

2.) German Measels

Parvovirus

1.) family = parvo

2.) erythema infectiosum, slapped cheek syndrome

Variola Virus

1.) family = pox

2.) small pox

3.) Guarnieri bodies

Vaccinia virus

1.) family = pox

2.) cow pox → blisters on hands

3.) if you have cow pox = immune to small pox

Varicella Zoster

1.) family: herpes

2.) chicken pox and shingles

Herpes simplex virus I

1.) family: herpes

2.) cold sores, vasicular lesions

3.) whitlow → found on thumb of child

Herpes Simplex II

1.) family = herpes

2.) genital herpes

Epstein-Barr virus

1.) family = herpes

2.) infectious MONO

HIV I and HIV II virus

1.) family: retro (SS RNA)

2.) AIDS, → ELISA and western blot

Dengue Virus

1.) family 1-4 Flaviviridae

2.) dengue hemorrhagic fever

3.) mosquito vector

Yellow Fever

1.) family = flaviviridae

2.) fever, nausea

3.) Aegypti mosquito = vector

Ebola Virus

1.) family: filoviridae

2.) fever, sore throat, headache, bleeding eyes and ears, death

Hanta Virus

1.) family = bunyaviridae

2.) fever, cough, lungs fill with fluid, death

3.) Rodent Dust

Papillomavirus (HPV)

1.) family: papova

2.) condyloma, cervical carinoma (HPV 16 and 18)

Molluscum Virus

1.) family: pox

2.) molluscum contagiosum → benign

Poliovirus

1.) family = picorna

2.) poliomyelitis → polio vaccine

Rabies virus

1.) family = rhabdo

2.) negri bodies → rabies

JC virus

1.) family = papova

2.) progressive multifocal leukoencphalopathy

Arboviral encephalitis

1.) family: toga

2.) eater or wester equine, St. louis, Venezuelan’s or California group

3.) vector = mosquitos

West Nile virus

1.) family = flavi

2.) fever, HA, rash (20-50%), neck stiffness

3.) vector = mosquito

Rift Valley fever

1.) family: bunyaviridae

2.) bleeding, encephalitis

3.) vector = mosquito