Acids, Bases, and Solubility

Flashcards covering common acids, bases, polyatomic ions, and solubility rules.

Hydrochloric acid

A strong acid that is a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is HCl.

Hydrobromic acid

A strong acid that is a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is HBr.

Hydroiodic acid

A strong acid that is a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is HI.

Nitric acid

A strong acid that is a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is HNO3.

Perchloric acid

A strong acid that is a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is HClO4.

Sulfuric acid

A strong acid that is a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is H2SO4.

Lithium hydroxide

A soluble strong base and a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is LiOH.

Sodium hydroxide

A soluble strong base and a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is NaOH.

Potassium hydroxide

A soluble strong base and a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is KOH.

Barium hydroxide

A soluble strong base and a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is Ba(OH)2.

Strontium hydroxide

A soluble strong base and a strong electrolyte; chemical formula is Sr(OH)2.

Hydrofluoric acid

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is HF.

Phosphoric acid

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is H3PO4.

Carbonic acid

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is H2CO3.

Acetic acid

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is CH3CO2H.

Oxalic acid

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is H2C2O4.

Tartaric acid

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is H2C4H4O6.

Citric acid

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is H3C6H5O7.

Aspirin

A weak acid that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is HC9H7O4.

Ammonia

A weak base that is a weak electrolyte; chemical formula is NH3.

Hydronium ion

H3O+, a positive ion.

Ammonium ion

NH4+, a positive ion.

Cyanide ion

CN-, a negative ion.

Acetate ion

CH3CO2-, a negative ion.

Carbonate ion

CO32-, a negative ion.

Hydrogen carbonate ion (or bicarbonate ion)

HCO3-, a negative ion.

Oxalate ion

C2O42-, a negative ion.

Nitrite ion

NO2-, a negative ion.

Nitrate ion

NO3-, a negative ion.

Phosphate ion

PO43-, a negative ion.

Hydrogen phosphate ion

HPO42-, a negative ion.

Dihydrogen phosphate ion

H2PO4-, a negative ion.

Hydroxide ion

OH-, a negative ion.

Sulfite ion

SO32-, a negative ion.

Sulfate ion

SO42-, a negative ion.

Hydrogen sulfate ion (or bisulfate ion)

HSO4-, a negative ion.

Chromate ion

CrO42-, a negative ion.

Dichromate ion

Cr2O72-, a negative ion.

Permanganate ion

MnO4-, a negative ion.

Hypochlorite ion

ClO-, a negative ion.

Chlorite ion

ClO2-, a negative ion.

Chlorate ion

ClO3-, a negative ion.

Perchlorate ion

ClO4-, a negative ion.

Soluble compounds

Salts of Na+, K+, NH4+.

Soluble compounds

Salts of Cl-, Br-, I- except halides of Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+.

Soluble compounds

Salts containing F- except fluorides of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+.

Salts of

Nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, acetate.

Exceptions for SO42-

Sulfates of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+.

Exceptions for carbonate, phosphate, oxalate, chromate, sulfide

Salts of NH4+ and the alkali metal cations

Exceptions for metal hydroxides and oxides

Alkali metal hydroxides and Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2