Geography - Case study: the Andros Barrier reef

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Ecosystem of the planet and Andros Barrier Reef Case Study

Last updated 7:08 PM on 11/8/25
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40 Terms

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[Ecosystems] Ecosystem
A natural area formed by the interaction of living (biotic) organisms and the non‑living (abiotic) elements of the environment.
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[Ecosystems] Biotic factor
A living component of an ecosystem (plants, animals, micro‑organisms).
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[Ecosystems] Abiotic factor
A non‑living component of an ecosystem (soil, water, light, temperature).
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[Ecosystems] Fauna
The animals of an ecosystem.
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[Ecosystems] Flora
The plants of an ecosystem.
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[Ecosystems] Interdependence
The mutual reliance of living organisms and non‑living elements within an ecosystem.
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[Ecosystems] Biomass
The total mass of living organisms in an ecosystem.
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[Ecosystems] Litter
The layer of dead organic material on the ground (such as fallen leaves, humus).
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[Ecosystems] Nutrient cycling
The process through which minerals and nutrients are recycled between organisms, soil and water within an ecosystem.
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[Ecosystems] Symbiotic relationship
A relationship in which two different organisms live in close association, often mutually beneficial.
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[Ecosystems] Zooxanthellae
Plant‑like algae that live inside coral tissue and supply nutrients to the coral.
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[Ecosystems] Deforestation
The removal or clearing of forest vegetation, typically for timber or to make way for agriculture, mining or other land uses.
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[Ecosystems] Indigenous tribe
Traditional groups who have lived in a region for generations, often with minimal historical external influence.
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[Ecosystems] Over‑fishing
The removal of fish from an ecosystem at a rate faster than the species can reproduce, causing disruption.
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[Biomes] Biome
A large‑scale ecosystem that covers vast regions, characterised by a particular climate, soils, plants and animals.
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[Biomes] Tropical rainforest
A hot, humid biome with high rainfall (>2000 mm), tall evergreen trees and great biodiversity.
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[Biomes] Coral reef
A marine biome in shallow, warm (≥18 °C) and clear water, where coral animals, algae and diverse fish species live.
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[Biomes] Tropical grassland (savanna)
A hot biome with low to moderate rainfall and a long dry season, dominated by grasses and adapted trees like baobabs.
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[Biomes] Hot desert
A biome found typically between 5° and 30° N/S of the Equator, with very low rainfall (≈40 mm) and plants adapted to scarce water.
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[Biomes] Temperate grassland
A biome found between 40° and 60° N/S, with cold winters, hot summers and dominant grasses rather than trees.
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[Biomes] Temperate forest
A biome found in mid‑latitudes (40°-60° N/S) with four distinct seasons, high rainfall (750-1500 mm) and deciduous trees.
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[Biomes] Polar region
A biome around the poles with very cold temperatures, low rainfall (
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[Processes: Rainforest] Nutrient cycle
In tropical rainforests the warm, wet climate means dead material is rapidly decomposed, making nutrients quickly available for new plant growth.
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[Processes: Rainforest] Water cycle
In tropical rainforests evapotranspiration leads to convectional rainfall, supporting vegetation growth.
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[Processes: Rainforest] Vegetation layers
In tropical rainforests there are several layers: emergents → canopy → under‑canopy → shrub layer.
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[Processes: Rainforest] Carbon cycle
Trees absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and store carbon; when trees are burned the carbon is released back into the atmosphere.
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[Case Study: Peruvian Amazon] Overview
The rainforest covers ~60% of Peru; ideal hot and wet climate; high biodiversity.
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[Case Study: Peruvian Amazon] Biodiversity
Home to 44% of all bird species and 63% of all mammals (worldwide range).
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[Case Study: Peruvian Amazon] Threats
Including illegal logging, mining, oil extraction, agriculture and highways.
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[Case Study: Peruvian Amazon] Management
Strategies include national parks, indigenous land rights and conservation corridors.
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[Processes: Coral Reef] Conditions for coral reef formation
Warm (23-25 °C), shallow, clear water necessary for coral growth and photosynthetic algae.
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[Processes: Coral Reef] Symbiosis
The coral and zooxanthellae exchange nutrients and waste: algae photosynthesise and feed the coral, coral supplies waste nutrients.
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[Processes: Coral Reef] Nutrient sources
In coral reefs nutrients come from zooplankton, dissolved nitrogen and fish waste.
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[Processes: Coral Reef] Threats
Threats include over‑fishing, pollution, tourism damage (divers), climate change (bleaching).
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[Processes: Coral Reef] Management
Marine reserves, national parks, coral nurseries and controlled fishing help protect reefs.
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[Case Study: Andros Barrier Reef] Overview
The third‑largest reef system (~200 km long) off the Bahamas.
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[Case Study: Andros Barrier Reef] Biodiversity
Over 164 species of fish and coral including snapper, rock lobster and green turtle.
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[Case Study: Andros Barrier Reef] Value
Provides coastal protection, fish breeding grounds, tourism income (≈$150 m/year) and scientific research.
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[Case Study: Andros Barrier Reef] Threats
Over‑fishing, pollution and damage from boats and anchors.
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[Case Study: Andros Barrier Reef] Management
Use of national parks, reserves and coral restoration projects to protect the reef.

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