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forecasting

using past and present data patterns to make predictions and estimation of future events

competition
macroeconomics
events
law
season
employees

factors to consider in sales forecasting

regional to global changes will affect your sales
selling most goods in a solid economic climate is more accessible and challenging if the economy is terrible

macroeconomics

markup

cost per unit x desired markup

selling price

cost per unit x markup price

projected daily revenue

selling price x volume of items sold

projected items sold monthly

items sold daily x 30 days

projected monthly revenue

selling price x projected items sold monthly

projected items sold annually

items sold monthly x 365 days

projected annual revenue

selling price x projected items sold annually

profitability ratio

company’s profitability and ability to generate shareholder returns

ROI

compares profit after taxes to total stockholder’s equity

ROI formula

net income / average assets/2

OIR

percent of profit a company can generate from each peso investment

OIR formula

operating expenses + cost of goods sold / net sales

ROA

how well a company has used its assets

ROA formula

operating income / average total assets

financial health ratio

determines the company’s company to pay its short term and long term obligations as they become due

stockholder’s ratio

shows firm’s long term financial stability

stockholder’s ratio formula

total equity / total assets

debt ratio formula

total liabilities / total assets

debt to equity ratio

total liabilities / total shareholder’s equity

liquidity ratio

ratio of company’s ability to pay its short term liabilities

quick ratio (acid test)

measures company’s short term liquidity and ability to meet obligations w liquid assets

quick ratio formula

quick assets / current liabilities

current ratio

company’s ability to pay short term bills and debts

current ratio formula

current assets / current liabilities

value chain

firm’s internal activities when transforming inputs to outputs
process involving primary and support acts of a particular org

inbound logistics
operations
outbould logistics
marketing and sales
service

primary activities VCA

firm infrastructure
human resource management
technology development
procurement

secondary activities

recruiting
routing
retaining
resonating
reviewing
rewarding
retooling
recycling

8 Rs of HR

bureau of internal revenue tax identification number

to acquire permits u must have this
at the end of fiscal year, owners must submit a tax statement using their TIN

brgy clearance

certifies that the business complies w the requirements of brgy
to get this, must submit community tax cert, duly accomplished form, government issued id

department of trade and industry business name registration certificate

business name registration cert which will be valid for 5 yrs
applicants must be at least 18 yr old filipino

mayor’s permit/business permit

ensures business is safe under city ordinance
must register with DTI for selfemployed and SEC for corporations and partnerships

securities & exchange commission (sec) registration certificate

for corpo and partnerships

social security system
philippine health insurance corporation
pagtutulungan sa kinabukasan: ikaw, bangko, industriya at gobyerno

business with employees must secure goverment mandated permits from