PCC exam 1

evolution of nursing education

the role of nursing in modern healthcare

nursing education pathways vs professional roles vs career opportunities

undergraduate nursing

• associates degrees (ADN)

• baccelratre degree (BSN)

Gradute nursing

• master of science in nursing (MSN)

• doctor of nursing practice (DNP)

• Doctor of nursing sicnece (DSN)

• Doctor of philosphy (PhD)

Career opportunities

• CNS clinical nurse specalist

• nurse practioner (NP)

• Certfiied regestried nurse anethetis (CRNA)

• certfied nurse midwife (CNM)

• clinical nurse leader (CNL)

regulation of nursing practice

state board of nursing

• defines practice

• establishes criteria for licensure

• defines scope of practice

• enforces rules governing nursing

Licensure

• NCLEX

Professional standards

• ANA code of ethichs

florida board of nursing regulates nuring practice

discusss the purpose of nursing care

role of the nurse

• direct care provider: provides hands on nursing care

• comunicator: exchanges clear, accurate, and timely information with patients, families, and healthcare team

• client/family educator : teaches patients and families about health conditions, treatments, medications and procedures

• client advocate: ensures the patients voice is heard in care planning and decision making

• counselor: emotional support for the patients and families during illness, stress, or life changes, ALWAYS supporting the patient.

• change in agent: promots evidence based practice changes in clinical setting, quality improvement, and making sure changes are actually occuring

• leader: sets a positive example for professional behavior, health, accountability, and clinical practice. If you are telling a patient to do something, you need to also being doing those things

• manger: in charge of the nurses on the unit, deal with unit problems, scheduling, helping with nurse burnouts

• case manager: coordinate care for patients that are leaving, follows there plan making sure patients have a plan

• research consumer: engages with and applies current research to guide nursing practice and decision making. reading journals, looking at new evidence.

analyze trends and healthcare reform issues affecting contemporary nursing practices

1. technology

• nurses adpat to new technology

• technology can change how care is delivered

• nurses need to understand and use technology in practice

2. increased roles and autonomy

3. growing older adult population

4. economy

5. complementary and alternative medicine

6. collective bargaining

7. 
   

Clinical judgement measurement model

layer 4: environmental factors and individual factors that influence your decision making

layer 3: what makes up the clinical judgment measurement model

four types of nursing knowledge

1. empirical

2. personal

3. aesthetic

4. ethical

describe the steps of the nursing process and explain how assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention and evaluation are interrelated

1. assessment: systemic gathering of information related to the physiological, psychological, socialculture, developmental, and spiritual status of an individual, group, or community

2. diagnosis:

3. planning

4. intervention

5. evalution

differentiate among types and sources of assessment data methods

recognize cues

• what information is relevant/irrelevant

• what information is most important

• what is of immediate concern

analyze cues

• what client conditions are consistent with the cues

• are there cues that support or contraindicate a particular condition

• why is a particular cue or subset of cues of concern

• what other information would help establish the significance of a cue or set of cues

• looking at assessment finding and putting things together

• is there more information that might help you

• is there certain conditions that are causing this

prioritize hypotheses

• which explanations are most/least likely?

• which possible explanations are the most serious?

• which problem is most life threatening for my patient

• what is the most important astham over toe infection

generate solutions

• what are the desirable outcomes

• what interventions can achieve those outcomes

• what should be avoides

• solutions: have to know what is in an RN scope of practice

• must know your hospitals policy

take action

• which intervention or combination of interventions is most appropriate

• how should the interventions be accomplished

• action that you are physically doing

• doing a task is taking action

evalute outcomes

what signs point to improving/ declining. unchanged status

were the interventions effective

would other interventions have been more effective

• did it work?

• how do i know if it worked? reassessing patient to see if solutions worked

• testing tip: must always assess your patient before doing anything else

evidence based practice

helps

• reduce patient harm

• improve patient outcome

• improve clinical outcomes

• standardize safe and effective care

• close gaps causes by bias or ineqeity

• support clinical decision making

EBP Steps

1. Develop a spirit of inquiry

2. Ask a clinical question

3. Search & collect evidence

4. Appraise the evidence

5. Integrate & apply evidence

6. Evaluate outcomes

7. Disseminate outcomes