biven chap 1

no vocab

laws and theories and how they are different?

• scientific law describes a process in nature that can be tested by repeated experiments.

• scientific theory is an explanation of how a natural process works.

how are scientific models used?

it is a representation of an object or event that can be studied to understand the real object or event.

when can a theory be changed or replaced

when new discoveries are made

what are the steps in the scientific method?

observe → question → research → hypothesis → test hypothesis → draw conclusion.

OR

observe → question → research → hypothesis → test hypothesis → observe → research → modified hypothesis → test → observe → draw conclusion.

how do scientists test their hypothesis

they do a controlled experiment

• all variables that can affect  the outcome of experiment are kept constant, or controlled, except for one.

are experiments a failure if you don’t get what you expected?

no experiment is a failure because

• all observations of events in natural world can be used to revise a hypothesis and to plan tests of a diff variable.

base SI for temperature

Kelvin, abbreviated K

SI prefix for 1 million

mega-

symbol (M)

SI prefix of centi meaning

means 

• a hundredth

• symbol (C)

• 0.01 of the base unit

long form of 10⁻²

0.01

precision

the exactness of a measurement

accuracy

description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

as science progresses, branches of science merge together. explain.

it is because the branches of science began to grow out of their branches as well.

give an example of a theory that was changed

one example is the caloric theory.

• heat was thought to be invisible fluid

• until 1800s when scientists suggested new theory based on idea that heat was a result of motion of particles.

• kinetic theory replaced caloric theory

explain why a theory might be changed or replaced.

when new discoveries are made

describe the relationship between science and technology.

technology is the application of science

explain why scientists use scientific notation.

It is because scientists sometimes need to express measurements using numbers that are very large or very small.

technology; an example of it

technology is the application of science

an example is that very few students used personal computers in the 1970s; now, computers are found in many classrooms in the US.

branches of science (natural science)

biological science, physical science, earth science.

what branches in bio sci

botany, zoology, ecology, and more

branches in phys sci

physics and chemistry

branches in earth science

geology, meteorologoy, many others

first step of scientific method? 

observing