Quiz #3 315 Speech Science

Meaning Conveyance (Speech)

Through segmental elements and suprasegmental elements

Suprasegmental

Elements beyond phonemes, including prosody

Segmental

individual phonemes

Prosody

Patterns of intonation, timing, and intensity in speech that can convey nonliguistic information.

Prosody on a Spectrogram

Pattern or contour of the F0, duration and juncture, and the pattern or contour of intensity.

Juncture

The pause time in between syllables that can change the meaning of utterances

Stressed syllables

Louder, longer, higher in pitch

Vowels in Unstressed Syllables

Can be reduced or centralized

Prominence

The ability of a speaker to manipulate loudness at the phrase/sentence level in order to convey meaning

Prosody in motor speech disorders (Dysarthria)

Can disrupt prosody

Prosody in Autism

May have less intonation

Accent

The variations of how speech sounds are produced

Dialect

The linguistic aspects that are different, including vocabulary, grammar, prosody, and pragmatic aspects.

Indexical Properties

Evidence of a speakers’s identity that is found in their speech

Guessing age by speech

Biological factors

Race and Ethnicity Judgments

Acoustic properties such as formant structures, voice onset time, and phonological patterns.

Anatomic factors (Sex and Gender)

Men typically have shorter and thicker vocal folds, as well as a longer vocal tract.

Sociolinguistic factors (Sex and Gender)

Influenced by society to learn a certain dialect that aligns with gender.