inheritance and evolution

gregor mendel

founder for the principles of inheritance

genetics

study of heridity

heredity

transmission of traits throughout generations

trait

variation of a character

alleles

alternate forms of genes

heteroyzous traits

two different alleles

homozygous trait

two identical alleles

genotype

physical traits

genotype

genetic make up

phenotype

expression of genotype

Mechanism of how life evolves

natural selection

Taxaonmic Levels

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Over, Family, Genus, Species

Acronym for taxonomic levels

king philip came over for good soup

Def. natural selection

individuals who inherited favorable traits are more likely to survive their environment ovr those without the trait

key facts about natural selection

1. it doesn’t occur in individuals

2. can only function w inheritable traits

3. evolution doesn’t strive for perfection

Evidence of evolution

1. fossil record

2. biogeography

3. comparitive anatomy

4. comparitive embrology

5. molecular biology

fossil record

provides evidence of changes in a species over time

biogeography

locatin of a species is because they evolved from ancestors who inhabited that region

comparitive anatomy

comparing anatomical structures can reveal a common ancestor

comparitive embrology

comparing early stages of development

molecular biology

molecular comparisons of different orgamism allow hypothesis of how branches on the tree of life developed

gene pool

all the variants of a gene in a population

microevolution

generation to generation canges in a gene pool of a population

frequency of alleles

p + q = 1

frequency of genotypes

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

what are the mechanisms of evolution

gentic drift

gene flow

natural selection

sexual selection

genetic drift

random changes over generations eliminating alleles

types of genetic drift

bottleneck effect

founder effect

bottleneck effect

loss of a large percentage of a population that leads to the overrepresentation of some alleles and the underrepresentation of others

founder effect

individual conquers a area leading to the small population of that species differing from the parent population

types of natural selection

direction

disruptive

stablilizing

what does natural selection promote

adaptation

directional adaptation

favores one extreme phenotype

disruptive selection

favors two opposing extreme phenotypes

stabilizing selection

favors intermediate phenotypes

sexual selection

individuals with certain traites are more likely to get a mate