Anatomy and Physiology - Body Systems

Homeostasis

A term to explain how organisms maintain a stable internal environment.

Homeo = body

Stasis = stable

Vitals

Temperature: 98.6°C

Pulse: 60-100 beats per minute

Blood Pressure: 100-170 (fluctuates)

Saturation: 95%-100%

Rate of Respiration: 12-20 breaths per minute

Skeletal System

Provides support and protection; gives the body’s shape.

• Types:
  - Bones

  - Ligaments

  - Cartilages

  - Joints

Nervous System

Detects touch, taste, hearing, sight, and smell.

• Types:

  - Brain

  - Spinal Cord

  - Senses

  - Nerves

Circulatory System

Transports nutrients and gases around the body.

• Types:

  - Heart

  - Blood Vessels

  - Blood

Respiratory System

Exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) through cellular respiration.

• Types:

  - Lungs

  - Sinuses

  - Diaphragm

Digestive System

To break down foods into smaller nutrients that the body can absorb.

• Types:

  - Mouth

  - Esophagus

  - Stomach

  - Intestines (small and large)

  - Liver (makes bile)

  - Gallbladder (stores bile)

Muscular System

Provides movement for all parts of the body.

• Types:

  - Skeletal Muscles

  - Smooth Muscles

Integumentary System

Helps body regulate temperature and water loss.

• Types:

  - Skin

  - Hair

  - Nails

Lymphatic System

Fights infection and provides fluid for cells.

• Types:

  - Spleen

  - Thymis

  - Lymph Nodes

  - Lymphatic Vessels

Excretory System

Removes waste from blood.

• Types:

  - Kidneys

  - Bladder

  - Ureters (brings urine)

  - Urethra (removes urine)

Endocrine System

Secretes hormones.

• Types:

  - Glands

  - Pituitary Glands

  - Adrenal Glands

  - Hypothalamis Glands

  - Pineal Glands

  - Thyroid Glands

  - Pancreas

  - Ovaries

  - Testes

Reproductive System

Produces cells used in sex.

• Types:

  - Ovaries

  - Vagina

  - Uterus

  - Mammary Glands

  - Testes

  - Penis

  - Prostate