Cog Psych Chapters 4-6

What is the definition of attention?

The ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations.

What is selective attention?

Focusing on one thing while ignoring others.

What does distraction refer to in the context of attention?

When one stimulus interferes with another.

What is divided attention?

Paying attention to multiple things at once.

What is attentional capture?

A rapid shift in focus due to a stimulus.

What does visual scanning involve?

Moving the eyes to different locations.

What is Broadbent's Filter Model?

A model explaining selective attention using a filtering system.

What are the three key components of Broadbent’s Filter Model?

Sensory memory, Filter, Detector.

What is Treisman’s Attenuation Model?

A modification of Broadbent's model where unattended messages are weakened but not eliminated.

What is the late selection model based on MacKay’s Experiment?

All information is processed for meaning before selection occurs.

What is Load Theory of Attention?

A theory explaining how task load affects distractions processed.

What does the Stroop Effect demonstrate?

Automatic processing interference, such as reading color names versus ink color.

What is stimulus salience?

Bottom-up processing based on physical properties like color and contrast.

What are cognitive factors in attention?

Top-down processing influenced by expectations.

What is the precueing method?

A method showing that attention enhances response time to cued locations.

How does attention affect object processing?

Attention to an object increases its perception and response speed.

What is mind wandering?

A state that reduces task focus but can support creativity.

What is inattentional blindness?

Failing to see visible objects when attention is elsewhere.

What is feature integration theory?

A theory that describes how features are processed separately and then combined for object recognition.

What is the function of the Central Executive in working memory?

Directs attention and controls working memory processes.

What is the difference between short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM)?

STM stores information for a brief period; LTM stores information for long durations.

What is the serial position curve?

A phenomenon demonstrating better recall of early items (primacy) and recent items (recency) in a list.

What type of memory is associated with riding a bike?

Procedural Memory.

What does the term 'semantic memory' refer to?

Knowledge-based memory not tied to specific events.

What is the purpose of chunking in memory?

Grouping elements into meaningful units to increase capacity.

How do experts exhibit 'Expert-Induced Amnesia'?

Experts perform tasks without recalling the process of learning them.

What is rehearsal in the context of the Modal Model of Memory?

A control process to maintain information in short-term memory.

What is the duration and capacity of short-term memory (STM) according to Miller?

Holds 7±2 items for 15-20 seconds.

What are illusory conjunctions?

Mistaken feature combinations due to lack of attention.

What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?

Involved in long-term memory formation.

What does the Remember/Know procedure distinguish?

'Remember' refers to episodic memory; 'Know' refers to semantic memory.