Food Tech GCSE- Dairy

Nutritional Value of Cow Milk

85% Water

4.8% Carb

3.5-5% Fat

0.8% Vitamins

0.7% Minerals

Why is milk called a 'complete food'?

It has all the nutrients you need.

What is an Emulsion?

A mixture of a fat and a liquid evenly dispersed

Pasteurisation

Heat treated at 75 for 25 secs then rapidly cooled to 5

Used to kill pathogenic bacteria such as Tuberculosis

Can be stored for 5-7 days chilled

Homogenisation

Force the milk fat under pressure through a small mesh sieve so they are smaller and don't rise to the top

Sterilisation of Milk

Heated at 50 and then homogenised. Then heated to 110-130 for 30mins

Sugars (lactose) are caramelised so there is now a more yellow colour and cooked flavour

Can stay on a shelf for 3-6 months (ambient) - Chill when opened

Ultra Heat Treated (UHT)

Heated at 132 for 2 seconds and then rapidly cooled to 5

Packed in a sterile container

Keep at ambient temp - Chill once opened

Processed Milks

Evaporated Milk- 50% of water is evaporated

Condensed- As above but with added sugar

Dried Milk- All water is evaporated- Needs to be reconstituted with water

What nutrients are not in dairy?

Dietary Fibre

Vitamin C