ASL Final Exam

What are the general rules for counting numbers (1-60)

#1-5 = palm faces inward, #6-9 = palm face outward, #11-15, palm faces inward, #16-19 = sign for 10 and twist. #20-29, use L handshape and then the number, except for 22, which is signed with the two handshape. The steps for 20 are then repeated until 60.

Name 5 culturally appropriate ways to get a Deaf person’s attention.

flashing the lights, getting a 3rd person to ask, wave in their peripheral vision, tap on their shoulder, or bang on a surface.

While watching another person sign, it is appropriate to focus on the signer’s __

face area

American Sign Language is a Universal Language T/F

False - Other countries use their own sign language.

How many Deaf in the United States and Canada use ASL?

500,000

Historically, ASL is related to ___

French Sign Language

ASL has naturally evolved within the Deaf community, T/F

True

During an ASL conversation it is considered rude to drop eye contact with the signer, T/F

TrueSLA

ASL is used most in which two countries

the US and Canada

ASL is a fully developed language and not English on the hands.

True, ASL is a language in its own right and is capable of expressing any abstract idea or thought.

— and — established the First School for the Deaf in America in —, — on April 15, —

Thomas Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc; Hartford, CT; 1817

Which term is culturally appropriate to identify a person who could not hear?

Deaf

ASL grammar is the same as English grammar, T/F

False

Fingerspelling is mainly used for

things that do not have an established sign, names of people, names of books, brands, and titles.amN

Name some rules for fingerspelling

no bouncing, keep the movement as fluid as possible, avoid breaks between the letters, do not bounce the hand, keep it steady, and do not say each letter as it is signed.

Why are facial expressions or non-manual markers an important feature of ASL?

It is an integral part of grammar.

Define culture

A set of learned behaviors from a group that has its own language, values, rules, and traditions.

Name the four primary characteristics of a culture.

language, values, rules for norms and behaviors, history and traditions

If a Deaf person enters a room, you should start to…

sign

An important way that a hearing person can be welcomed into the Deaf community is by…

showing respect for Deaf people and their culture.

Define “D” and “d” for deaf

D = identifies themselves as a member of the Deaf culture and community, d = the audiological condition of being deaf

What does the Deaf community value?

They value information sharing, personal relationships, and they like it when you provide reasons as to why you are arriving late or leaving early. They also value the well-being of the group over the well-being of the individual.

ASL makes use of the space in front of a signer’s body to…

compare/contrast things, express time concepts, and distance

Non-manual markers are used in ASL to…

indicate distance, size, questions, topics, emotions, grammar, and sentence type.

To indication tense in ASL, use a time sign at the — of a sentence

beginning

How would you sign the following sentence in ASL? “I went to the store yesterday.”

“Yesterday, store, me go”

When you leave a group of Deaf people or an ASL conversation you should:

give a reason before you leave

ASL name signs are either — or —

descriptive or arbitrary

After completing a semester of sign you are now ready to interpret, T/F

False, it takes more education and skill to figure out how to express somebody else’s idea in sign language.

Deaf people like to be called hearing impaired, T/F

False, it makes it seem that they are broken and need to be fixed.

Deaf culture is exemplified through Deaf literature, folklore, humor, and art. T/F

true

What type of information should you be prepared to share when meeting a Deaf person?

Who your teacher is, what their name is, if they are Deaf or hearing, if you have family members who are Deaf, why you are learning ASL, and where you are learning ASL, etc

What percentage of Deaf people have Deaf parents?

10%

If your path is blocked by two signers coonversing in sign, you should —

walk right through, you could sign excuse-me

What are non-manual signals that accompany a yes/no, wh-q, and statement in ASL

Yes/No = head tilt forward, eyebrows raised, eye contact, and hold the last sign. Wh-q = heald tilt forward, brows lowered, eye contact, and hold last sign. No statement = eye contact and head shake, yes statement = eye contact and head nod.

Wh-q requests specific information such as…

who, what, where, why, how, how many, when

Wh-word questions are generally at the — of a sentence. Translate the sentence “Where do you live?"

at the end of a sentence. “you live, where?”

When signing one-handed signs, always use your — hand

dominant

The most common sentence structure in ASL is?

Topic-comment structure

If you are standing face to face with a signer when receiving directions, you should visualize it from your own perspective, T/F

False, it is from the signer’s perspective

How do the Deaf watch TV?

They use closed captioning

How do the Deaf speak on the telephone?

Either through the video relay service, the teletypewriter, or videophones, depending on the audience and situation. (the study guide says that it is the teletypewriter)

What is a relay service?

It uses video with an interpreter so that deaf and hard-of-hearing people can communicate with hearing people who use a standard phone.

What is the name of the law that required all telephone companies to provide relay services across the U.S., and what year was it passed?

the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

What are noun/verb pairs?

the noun comes from the verb, and all of the parameters are the same. Example, chair/sit

In ASL, adjectives tend to be placed —

after a noun. example, hair blonde or shirt white.

signs in asl can be modified by:

facial expressions, repeating the movement, body language, and by exaggerating the movement

ASL and Deaf culture are passed on to Deaf people from generation to generation primarily by …

residential schools for the deaf

What is the primary production difference between personal and possessive pronouns?

personal pronouns = 1 finger, and possessive pronouns = flat “B” handshape

How do Deaf people know when the phone or doorbell is ringing?

signaling device, it flashes or vibrates

what is the primary difference between Deaf culture and community?

Deaf culture - they are Deaf and embrace ASL and Deaf culture

Community - they do not have to be Deaf, but support ASL and Deaf activities.

Give examples of sign variation in ASL

History, math, running, breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc

Who is Alexander Graham Bell and how do the Deaf community view him?

He promoted oralism and wanted to ban ASL. He once said that the Deaf were an inferior race that should be wiped out.

What is the oral movement?

A time when people thought speech was better than sign language. Deaf teachers were forced out, and ASL was not taught for 100 years.

The oral movement is also known as —

the dark ages

Define mainstream and residential school.

Mainstream - public school, Deaf child are mixed with hearing children, close to home, isolated

Residential - they are taught ASL and Deaf culture, like regular school with ASL, live far away from home, dorm living

Name four causes of Deafness

1. deaf before birth

2. illness

3. noise exposure

4. blows to the skull

Do hearing aids restore hearing?

No, hearing aids only amplify sounds

A hearing aid can make other people’s speech clearer, T/F

False

Hearing aids benefit all Deaf people, T/F

False, depends on the individual and the level of their hearing loss

In ASL, negation is most generally indicated where in a sentence?

Near the end

All hearing losses are the same, T/F

False, there are four levels of hearing loss: mild, moderate, severe, and profound.

The ability to lip-read is directly linked to how smart a person is, T/F

False

All Deaf people can read lips, T/F

False, it is a skill, and different factors are involved in achieving that skill

What percentage of the English language can be seen on the lips?

30%

Lip-reading involves a lot of guesswork, T/F

True

What are some of the methods that Deaf people use to decipher every day speech?

facial expressions, body language, residual hearing, context, gestures, and lip reading

What is the least effective form of communication between Deaf and hearing people?

Lip-reading

What is a classifier and how do you use it?

A classifier is a specific handshape that represents a group of nouns or objects. You have to sign the noun first before you use the classifiers.

What do the classifiers 1, ^, C, B, bent V, and 3 stand for?

1 = person or pencil (a long object)

^ = legs

C = cylindrical objects, cup

B = flat things, paper

bent V = person sitting or small animal

3 = motor vehicles on land or water

Who did Deaf people rely on before interpreting became a profession?

Their children, family members, clergy of the Deaf, or teachers of the Deaf

Every sign has 5 parts called — name them

parameters: location, movement, handshape, palm orientation, and non-manual markers.

Name some conversation regulators.

nodding, waving, “oh I see,” wave no to correct information, question expression.