Reproductive System (Ch. 10)

Pelvic organ prolapse

A lack of proper uterine support

Pessary

A removable device that goes into the vagina to provide proper support

Mastalgia

Breast pain that can occur in one or both breast and is closely related to architectural changes in the breast tissue 

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

Fluoroscopic exam of the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervical canal, and peritoneal cavity, mostly done to check for infertility

Nongravid

Non pregnant

Sonohysterography (SHG)

Exam of the uterine cavity and endometrium and is often used to investigate or diagnose endometrial polyps

Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS)

Distends the endometrial cavity allows the visualization of the single layer of the endometrial lining revealing abnormalities

Bicomuate uterus 

Paired uterine horns extend into the fallopian tubes

Unicornuate uterus

Occurs when the uterine cavity is elongated and has a single fallopian tube emerging from it 

Uterus didetphys

Rare congenital anomaly with complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina 

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Infection and inflammation of the upper female reproductive system, including the fallopian tubes, endometrium, ovaries, or pelvis peritoneum, most commonly caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea infection

Mastitis

Inflammation of the breast parenchyma

Follicular ovarian cysts

Result from an uninterrupted follicle that becomes larger in size

Corpus lutetium ovarian cysts

Occur when the corps lutum fails to deteriorate after the release of an ovum

Cystic teratomas/dermoid cysts

Account for approximately 10-20% of ovarian tumors and are the most common type of germ cell tumor contaminating mature tissue 

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Chronic an ovulation syndrome that results in an increase in follicle number in each ovary and is one of the lading causes o female infertility 

Ovarian cancers

Malignant tumors of the overrates accounting for 3% of all cancers in females

Cervical carincoma

Common malignancy of the female reproductive system caused by an abnormal growth pattern of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus

Cervical dysplasia

Potential premalignant changes in the squamous epithelium of the cervix screen with Pap smear and confirmed with biopsy 

Endometriosis

Disease caused by the presence of functional endometrial tissue or glands outside the uterus in abnormal locations within the pelvis 

Uterine leiomyoma

Benign, solid mass of the uterus, which develops from an overgrowth of the uterine smooth muscle tissue 

Uterine fibroids

After menopause, leiomyomas are replaced largely by fibrous scar tissue, which has lead to this

Endometrial carcinoma

One of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system

Fibroadenoma

Common benign breast tumor that presents as a mobile palpable breast lump

Fibrocystic breasts

An overgrowth of fibrous tissue or cystic hyperplasia results in this