The Large Intestine and its Function

Flashcards on the large intestine and its functions.

Large Intestine

The last region of the linear digestive tract where waste material and some water enter after digestible nutrients have been absorbed in the small intestine.

Ileocecal Valve

The communication point between the small and large intestine, located on the right side.

Ileocecal Valve Function

Flap-like valve that opens when material builds up behind it, allowing chyme to enter the large intestine.

Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid Colon

Regions of the large intestine, in order of chyme travel.

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine where the colon terminates and which has a different anatomy from the rest of the large intestine.

Intestinal Glands/Crypts

Infolding of the mucosa in the large intestine.

Columnar and Goblet Cells

Cells in the large intestine that function in absorption and mucus secretion.

Taeniae Coli

Strips of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine that are always slightly contracted.

Haustra

Pouches or pockets formed in the large intestine due to the contraction of the taeniae coli.

Three Important Functions of the Large Intestine

Recovery of water and electrolytes, compaction and storage of waste, and serving as a site for microbial populations.

Diarrheal Diseases

Diseases caused by the inability of the intestines to adequately reabsorb water, leading to dehydration.

Cholera

Bacteria that cause excess chloride ion to be pumped out of the body and into the lumen of the intestine, followed by sodium ion and water loss.

Gastrocolic Reflex

Reflex initiated when food enters the stomach, stimulating mass peristalsis in the large intestine.

Friendly Flora

Bacterial populations in the large intestine that are non-harmful and beneficial.

Metabolic Functions of Bacteria in the Large Intestine

The production of antimicrobial factors and the breakdown of food.