Biology Exam Review

Carbohydrates are made up of __________ as their monomer.

Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose)

The polymer of amino acids is called __________.

Polypeptides/proteins

Fats are composed of __________ and __________ as their monomers.

Fatty acids and glycerol

Nucleic acids are made up of __________ as their monomer.

Nucleotides (e.g., adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)

The primary structure of a protein refers to __________.

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Saturated fats have __________ double bonds in their fatty acid chains.

No

During the induced fit model of enzyme action, enzymes change shape to fit their __________.

substrate

A hypotonic solution causes water to move __________ the cell.

into

In meiosis, crossing over occurs during __________.

prophase I

The outcome of mitosis produces __________ diploid cells.

Two

DNA is __________-stranded, while RNA is __________-stranded.

double; single

A __________ is a variant of a gene, while a __________ is the genetic makeup of an individual.

allele; genotype

In simple dominance, the __________ allele masks the effect of the __________ allele.

dominant; recessive

Halitosis is commonly caused by __________ oral hygiene.

poor

The site of gas exchange in the lungs is the __________.

alveoli

Pulmonary circulation carries __________ blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.

deoxygenated

Red blood cells carry __________ to the tissues.

oxygen

The SA node is responsible for initiating the __________ of the heart.

heartbeat

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen based on the __________ of gases.

partial pressure

Gram-positive bacteria have a __________ peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall.

thicker

The three methods of bacterial genetic transfer are __________, __________, and __________.

binary fission; conjugation; transduction

Fungi acquire nutrients through __________.

absorption

Protists can obtain energy through __________, __________, or __________.

photosynthesis; phagocytosis; absorption