The 8th Jabra Jabra Text Lecture

🌸 Flashcards on Reproductive Rights & Landmark Cases

🩵 1⃣ Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

What Happened: Connecticut law banned birth control for married couples! 🚫💊
Court Said: “Nope! That’s an invasion of privacy.” 🏠
Main Idea:

• Married couples have a right to privacy 👩‍❤‍👨

• They can use contraceptives if they choose.
  🧠 Introduced the idea of “zones of privacy.”

✨ Key takeaway: Privacy = Power 💪

🌸 Flashcards on Reproductive Rights & Landmark Cases

💕 2⃣ Roe v. Wade (1973)

Who: Jane Roe (a woman in Texas) ⚖
Issue: Texas made abortion illegal ❌
Court Said: Women have a constitutional right to privacy 🏛
BUT: The state’s interest in potential life grows after fetal viability 👶
⚖ So abortion can be restricted later in pregnancy.

✨ Key takeaway: Early pregnancy decisions = woman’s right 🩷

🌸 Flashcards on Reproductive Rights & Landmark Cases

💜 3⃣ Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1993)

What It Did: Upheld Roe v. Wade 🏛
New Rule: Introduced the undue burden test ⚖
➡ States can make abortion laws as long as they don’t create an undue burden on access. 😣
Example: Can’t impose rules that make it almost impossible to get an abortion.

✨ Key takeaway: Balance between women’s rights and state interests ⚖

🌸 Flashcards on Reproductive Rights & Landmark Cases

💚 4⃣ Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014)

Who: Hobby Lobby (a craft store 🧶)
Issue: Under the ACA, employers had to provide birth control coverage.
Hobby Lobby said: “That goes against our religious beliefs.” 🙏
Court Said: OK, for-profit companies with sincere religious beliefs can opt out.

✨ Key takeaway: Religious rights 🕊 can limit contraceptive coverage under certain conditions.

🌸 Flashcards on Reproductive Rights & Landmark Cases

❤ 5⃣ Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health (2022)

Big Change Alert 🚨
What Happened: Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade ⚖💥
Why?:

• Constitution doesn’t mention abortion 📜

• Right to abortion isn’t “deeply rooted” in U.S. tradition

• Said abortion laws should be decided by states, not federal courts. 🗳

✨ Key takeaway: No longer a federal right → states now decide abortion access. 🌍

🌸 Flashcards on Reproductive Rights & Landmark Cases

🌼 6⃣ Summary — Liberty Interests in Reproductive Health

🧍‍♀ Individuals have rights to:

1. 👶 Choose whether to have children (procreate or not)

2. 💊 Use or buy contraception

3. ❌ Access abortion care (this right now depends on your state post-Dobbs)

✨ Main Idea: These rights come from the idea of personal liberty and privacy.

🌸 Flashcards on Reproductive Rights & Landmark Cases

🦋 Study Tip Time!

💡 Use 3 C’s to Remember:

Contraceptives → Griswold (privacy)
Choice → Roe & Casey (abortion rights)
Change → Dobbs (turned it over)

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

🧍‍♀ 1⃣ The 3 Parts of the U.S. Health System

Three main players:
👩‍⚕ Patients – people getting care
🏥 Providers – doctors, nurses, clinics, hospitals, etc.
💰 Finance – who pays for it all

💡 They all work together to make the system (sometimes messily 😅) function!

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

🌡 2⃣ Types of Patient Care

🏃‍♀ Preventive Care – keeps you healthy (🏃‍♀ checkups, 💉 vaccines)
🩹 Curative Care – fixes problems (like a broken bone 🦴)
🌈 Palliative Care – focuses on comfort at the end of life 💕

✨ Also includes Public Health 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 (big-picture programs like cutting smoking rates 🚭).

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

🏘 3⃣ Social Determinants of Health

Your health isn’t just about your doctor visits! 👩‍⚕
It’s also influenced by 👉
💵 Income
🏫 Education
🏠 Housing
🥦 Food
🌳 Environment

💡 These outside factors majorly impact health outcomes!

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

👨‍⚕ 4⃣ Providers Have Power! 💪

👩‍⚕ Individuals – doctors, nurses, therapists
🏥 Institutions – hospitals, clinics, nursing homes
💊 Suppliers – drug and equipment makers

💵 The pharmaceutical industry = the 💣 biggest lobby spender in America!

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

💵 5⃣ Who Pays for Care?

There are 3⃣ big ways we pay:

1. 🏛 Government: through taxes → Medicare (elderly), Medicaid (low-income), VA/Tricare (military).

2. 🏢 Private Insurance: usually from jobs (about 50% of Americans!).

3. 💸 Out-of-Pocket: you pay directly (like doctor visits, copays, deductibles).

💡 Our system = lots of moving parts — “fragmented” means there’s no single, simple system.

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

💰 6⃣ Redistributive Healthcare

👭 Healthy people help cover the sick.
This spreads out medical costs so one person isn’t crushed by bills 💸💔.

💡 Example: One person’s $20k premium might actually help pay someone else’s cancer treatment 💪

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

🇺🇸 7⃣ Quick History Lesson!

⏳ Long ago: People paid the doctor directly 💵 (no insurance).
💥 Then costs skyrocketed — hospitals got pricey 😱.
🌍 During WWII, companies couldn’t raise wages 🛑 so they offered health insurance to attract workers instead!
👉 Government made it tax-free = more companies joined in.

💡 That’s how job-based health insurance became the norm!

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

⚖ 8⃣ Why We Have Insurance

😬 Big healthcare bills can destroy savings.
So insurance lets everyone:
💸 Share costs (pool money)
🩺 Get care when needed
💪 Bargain better prices with hospitals

And it protects:
🏛 Government & employers from paying giant individual bills.

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

🧮 9⃣ Two Ways to Group Insurance Pools

💦 Community Rating: Everyone in one big pool 🏊
➡ Healthy people + sick people = balance.
🌍 Used in ACA marketplaces.

👥 Experience Rating: Groups share costs by profession/job 🔧🏢
➡ Example: Hospital workers pool separately from retail workers.
💡 Costs differ based on group health levels & risk.

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

💸 🔟 What’s a Premium?

🧾 A premium = what you or your job pays each month to keep your insurance active.
💰 It’s like a membership fee for being in the insurance pool!

💡 Employer and employee usually split this cost!

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

📊 11⃣ Key Health System Facts

🌀 Healthcare = redistributive system (money from healthy → help sick).
🏛 Government always involved somehow (even in private insurance).
💃 U.S. has more types of insurance than most countries — complicated but flexible!
🗣 Quote: “Nobody knew healthcare could be so complicated!” – Donald Trump (2017) 😅

💙 FLASHCARDS: Understanding the U.S. Healthcare System 🇺🇸🏥💵

💡 12⃣ In Summary

🧍‍♀ Health = More than doctors → it’s about society too!
🏥 Providers = Caregivers + Big institutions
💵 Finance = Mix of gov, private, & out-of-pocket
⚖ Insurance = Pooling risk to make care affordable
🌎 U.S. = Many systems mixed together = fragmented but powerful!

🎯 Bonus Tip

💡 To Remember The Flow:

Patient 👩‍⚕ → Provider 🏥 → Finance 💰
and all of it runs on Insurance! 🧾❤

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

🧾 1⃣ What Is Private Health Insurance?

💼 Private health insurance means part of your medical costs are shared between 💰 you and your 🏢 employer.
You both pay into a plan that helps cover your healthcare needs.

🧍 Example: “I work at a company that helps me pay for my Blue Cross insurance.”

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

💸 2⃣ PREMIUMS

💳 Your monthly membership fee for insurance!
You pay this money 💰 every month, even if you don’t use healthcare that month.
👩‍💼 Employer usually pays most of it (like 75%), and the rest comes from your paycheck automatically.

💡 Think of it like a Netflix subscription for health coverage — you pay to stay in the club! 🍿💉

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

💵 3⃣ DEDUCTIBLE

Before your insurance starts helping, you pay a set amount called a deductible.
👀 Example: “My deductible is $2,500 for me or $5,000 for my family.”

👉 That means you must first spend that amount out of pocket 💰 before insurance pays anything.

💡 It’s like unlocking a level in a video game — once you hit the deductible, insurance steps in! 🕹

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

💰 4⃣ COPAY

🚪 The little fee you pay every time you use care!
💲 Example: $15 to see your family doctor 👩‍⚕
💲 Example: $30 to see a specialist 🧬

💬 Tip: Copays are fixed amounts, and better insurance usually means smaller copays! 💵✨

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

💳 5⃣ COINSURANCE

After your deductible is met 🏁, you still might share costs with your insurer!
💡 Coinsurance = the % you pay vs the % your insurance pays.

Example:
🧾 Hospital bill = $100,000
💰 You pay the first $5,000 (deductible)
Then you pay 20% ($20,000) and insurance covers the rest ($80,000).

💥 You’re teammates with your insurance — you split the bill! 🤝💸

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

💊 6⃣ HOW INSURERS PAY PROVIDERS

🩺 Doctors and hospitals get paid in different ways!
Here are the main kinds 👇

1⃣ Fee-for-Service 💵
You do a service, you get a fee per service.
👉 “Doctor gets paid for every test or scan they order.”

2⃣ Capitation 🎯
Doctor gets a set payment per patient per month or year — no matter how often you visit!

3⃣ Global Budget 🌎
Hospitals get a lump sum 💰 for all care in a year, so they must stay within that budget.

4⃣ Value-Based Care 🌟
Payment depends on how healthy and happy the patients are after care.
💬 Good outcomes = better pay!

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

💼 7⃣ WHO HAS INSURANCE?

👩‍⚕ Insured People:

• 🏛 Public Insurance: Government pays (Medicare, Medicaid, VA, etc.)

• 💼 Private Insurance: Employer or self-paid through the marketplace

🚫 Uninsured People:
About 8% of Americans (≈25 million) have no insurance and must pay everything out of pocket 💸😬

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

🏦 8⃣ WHERE DOES INSURANCE MONEY COME FROM?

🧍 The “Population” (that’s us!) funds healthcare in 3 main ways:
1⃣ Taxes – Pay for programs like Medicare & Medicaid
2⃣ Job Wages – Employers & workers pay part of private insurance
3⃣ Out-of-Pocket – Payments directly to doctors (copays, deductibles, etc.)

💵 No one escapes the health-care money circle! 😅🌀

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

📈 9⃣ Old vs. New Payment Styles

Old school: 📜 “Fee-for-service” (Pay-per-test 💉 = incentive to do more = $$$)
New school: 💡 “Capitation & Value-based care” (Pay-for-results = incentive for better health ❤).

🏁 Goal: Quality care, not just more care!

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

⚖ 🔟 Summary: The Big Four You Always Pay

💡 Almost every insurance plan includes all four!

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

💥 11⃣ Bonus: Real-Life Example

👨‍🏫 Professor at BU gets:

• $20,000 yearly premium (BU pays $15k, he pays $5k)

• $5,000 family deductible 🏥

• $30 dermatologist copay 💅

• 20% coinsurance for some hospital visits 🩺

💬 Even with insurance, you still help pay your share! 💵🤝

💙 HEALTH INSURANCE FLASHCARDS 💳🏥

🏁 12⃣ Quick-Save Summary

🧾 You always pay these four: premium, deductible, copay, coinsurance
🏦 Different ways to fund insurance: taxes, wages, out-of-pocket
💊 Insurers pay providers using: fee-for-service, capitation, global budget, or value-based care
💙 Insurance helps share big costs + keep care accessible 💪

💡 Tip: Remember — each health cost piece = part of your total puzzle 🧩. Understanding them helps you level up in adulting! 🎮💼💊