Chapter 10 Review

How do bacteria divide?

Bacteria divide by binary fission.

What type of reproduction do bacteria undergo?

Bacterial reproduction is asexual, specifically clonal.

What is the structure of bacterial chromosomes?

Bacterial chromosomes are single and circular.

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Humans have 46 chromosomes organized in 23 pairs.

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Diploid cells (2n) have two complete sets of chromosomes; haploid cells (n) have one set.

What is a chromosome made of?

A chromosome is a complex of DNA and histone proteins.

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

The S phase is when DNA is replicated.

What are the phases of mitosis?

Mitosis includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

What occurs during anaphase?

Anaphase begins when centromeres split, pulling sister chromatids to opposite poles.

What are growth factors and their role in the cell cycle?

Growth factors trigger intracellular signaling systems that stimulate cell division.