Complete Blood Cell Count

Three main components of CBC

• RBC count and indices

• WBC count and differential

• Platelet count

T/F CBC ‘normal’ values can be affected by age, sex, and race?

True

Each RBC contains how many Hemes and how many globins?

4 Heme, 4 Globins

Diameter and thickness of a normal RBC

• Diameter: 6.2-8.2 um

• Thickness 2.0-2.5 um

Normal Range of RBC whole blood for males and females

• Males: 4.5-5.5×10^6/mm³

• Females 4.0-5.0

Things that can have an increased RBC count

• Secondary polycythemia (secondary to cardiovasc. disease, COPD)

• Hemoconcentration (dehydration)

• Polycythemia vera

Things that might have a decreased RBC count

• Anemia

• Chronic or acute blood loss

• fluid overload

• bone marrow suppressant

Hematocrit (HCT) is also called?

• Packed Cell volume (PCV)

• Erythrocyte Volume Fraction (EVF)

What is the Hematocrit (HCV)?

Volume percentage of RBCs in the whole blood

Multiplying RBC count by mean corpuscular volume (MCV) gives you what?

Hematocrit (HCV)

Normal Hematocrit (HCV) values for Makes and females?

• Males: 39-50%

• Females: 34-45%

Normal Hemoglobin (Hgb) volume for adult males and females?

• Males: 13.2-16.9 g/dL

• Females: 10.7-15.1 g/dL

What hematocrit can lead to heart failure? Spontaneous clotting?

• Heart failure: <20%

• Clotting: >60%

What hemoglobin value can lead to heart failure? Hemoconcentration and capillary clogging?

• Heart failure: <5.o g/dL

• Clogging: >20.0 g/dL

Mean Corpuscular Volume is what?

Average volume of RBCs

Normal MCV?

78-97 Femtoliter

T/F MCV can indicate if RBC is a normal shape (biconcave disc)

FALSE, it cannot indicate normal shape, just normal volume

Normoctye, microctye, macrocyte, and anisocytosis are characteristics related a a RBC what?

Size

Normochormia, hypochromia, hyperchromia, and polychromia are related to a RBC what?

Color

The average hemoglobin concentration in RBC is called what?

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

How do you calculate Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

(Hemoglobin concentration / Hematocrit) x 100

Normal range of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

32-36 g/dL

MCHC may be increased in what conditions?

• Spherocytosis

• Falsely increased in cellular dehydration syndromes

• Hyperlipidemia

MCHC may be decreased in what conditions?

• Hypochromic anemias (iron def., thalassemia, lead poisoning)

• Sideroblastic anemia

• anemia of chronic disease

Red Cell Distribution Width is a measure of what?

Variation of RBC Volume

How to calculate Red cell distribution width (RDW)?

RDW = (Standard deviation of MCV / Mean MCV) x 100

Normal range of Red cell distribution width in adults?

11.5-14.5%

Abnormally high RDW is known as what?

Anisocytosis

Immature RBCs that contain cytoplasmic RNA

Reticulocytes

What type of genetic material is in Reticulocytes

Cytoplasmic RNA

Recticulocyte count tells you what?

How rapidly reticulocytes are produced by bone marrow

Normal range for reticulocyte count? Per uL of whool blood?

• 0.5-1.5%

• 25,000-85,000

Normal range of Total WBC count

4,200-10,500 mm³

What can increase a WBC count?

• Leukocytosis

  • Acute infection

  • inflamm. disorder

  • leukemias

  • tissue injury

  • allergies and hypersensitivites

Low WBC may be assoc with what?

Leukopenias

• Myselosuppresion (chemo, radiation, drugs)

• Myeloid hypoplasia

• Myelodisplasia

• Alcoholism

• Hypersplenism

What is considered a critically low WBC count? Fatal?

• Critically low: <2.0 ×10³/mm³

• Fatal: <0.5 x10³/mm³

What is considered a critically high WBC count?

>30.0 x10³/mm³

Acronym for Decreasing prevalence of WBC

Never Let Monkey Eat Bananas

Normal amount of Neutrophil and Percent?

• 3,000-7,000 mm³

• 50-70%

Neutrophil count >7,500 mm³ is called what?

Neutrophilia

Neutrophil count for Neutropenia?

<1,800 mm³

Increase in immature neutrophils is called what?

Shift to the left, when > 10% bands or stabs are seen

• Inc. in mature = right shift

WBC that has a weak ability to phagocytose but cannot kill bacteria

Eosinophil

Normal range for Eosinophils

• 100-350 mm³

• 1-3%

Eosinophil count >500mm³ is called what?

Eosinophilia

Eosinophil count below 50 mm³ is called what?

eosinopenia

Normal range for basophils

• 15-50 mm³

• 0-1.0 %

Basophil count > 50 is called what?

Basophilia

Basophil count <15 / mm³ is called what?

Basopenia

Normal range for Lymphocytes

• 1,500-4,000 mm³

• 25-40%

Lymphocyte count >4,000 / mm³ is called what?

Lymphocytosis

Lymphocyte count <1,000 / mm³ is called what?

Lymphopenia

What cells are immature and use the bloodstream as a trasnportation system?

Monocytes

Normal Monocyte Count

• 100-500 mm³

• 3-7%

Monocyte count > 500 /mm³

Monocytosis

Monocyte count <100 mm³

monocytopenia

Normal Platelet count

140,000-400,000 mm³

Normal Mean platelet volume (MPV)

7.4-10.4

Platelet count >400,000 is called what?

Thombocythemia or Thrombocytosis

Platelet count < 140,000 is called what?

Thrombocytopenia

What is the minimum platelet count to do invasive dental procedures?

>50,000 / uL (New research says maybe not)