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Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body and its parts.
Physiology
The study of the function of the body and its parts.
Homeostasis
The ability of the body to maintain stable internal conditions.
Negative Feedback Loop
A process that counteracts a change in a physiological variable to maintain homeostasis.
Positive Feedback Loop
A process that enhances or accelerates a change in a physiological variable.
Cell Theory
The theory that all living organisms are composed of cells, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Tissue Types
Groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions.
Chemical Bonds
The attractions that hold atoms together in molecules, including ionic and covalent bonds.
pH Value
A scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.
Biomolecules
Organic molecules that are essential to life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Cell Cycle
The series of phases that a cell goes through, including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
Enzymes
Proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body.
Exergonic Reaction
A chemical reaction that releases energy.
Endergonic Reaction
A chemical reaction that absorbs energy.
Aerobic Respiration
The process of producing cellular energy in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic Respiration
The process of producing cellular energy without oxygen.
Translation
The synthesis of proteins from amino acids using mRNA as a template.
Transcription
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
Membrane Transport
The mechanisms that regulate the movement of substances across cell membranes.
Active Transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.
Passive Transport
The movement of substances across a cell membrane with their concentration gradient, without the use of energy.
Carrier-mediated Transport
Transport of molecules across a membrane via specific proteins.
