Art Final Exam Study Guide

In-the-round

A sculpture that is meant to be viewed from all angles.

Bas-relief

a form of sculpture that projects in varying degrees from a two-dimensional background.

High-relief

A sculpture in which the figures and objects remain attached to a background plane and project off of it by at least half their normal depth.

Bust

a sculptured or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure, depicting a person’s head and neck, and a variable portion of the chest and shoulders.

Subtractive

In sculpture, the process in which forms is discovered by the removal of materials, by such means as carving.

Additive

In sculpture, the process in which form is built up, shaped, and enlarged by the addition of materials.

Casting

Pouring molten material into a mold and allowing it to harden.

Armature

a skeleton or framework used by an artist to support a figure being modeled in soft plastic material.

Assemblage

An additive sculptural process in which various and diverse elements and objects are combined.

Kinetic

Art that moves

Post-and-lintel construction

a horizontal beam supported at each by a vertical post or a wall.

Arch (round)

a curved, often semicircular architectural form that spans an opening or space built of wedge-shaped blocks

Architrave

in architecture, the lintel, or horizontal, weight-bearing beam, that forms the base of the entablature

Barrel vault

a masonry roof constructed on the principle of the arch, that is, in essence, a continuous series of arches, one behind the other.

Dome

a roof generally in the shape of a hemisphere or half-globe.

Flying buttress

on a gothic church, an exterior arch that opposes the lateral thrust of an arch or vault, as in a barrel vault, arching inward toward the exterior wall from the top of an exterior column or pier.