Sports Science unit 3 test

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26 Terms

1
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Macronutrient breakdown

50-60% carbs

>30% fats

12-15% protein

6 Cups of water

Limited Saturated fats

2
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Explain how anaerobic energy systems could contribute to ATP production during a 3-minute round of boxing.

All system work concurrently

Anaerobic System is used because it’s short/intense

ATP-CP is dominant for first 7-10 seconds

Lactic Acid system is dominant from five seconds to 1-2 minutes

3
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Describe the production of ATP from glucose by the aerobic system

Production of ATP with oxygen

Aerobic energy consists of 3 systems- glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Glycolysis- occurs in cytoplasm

Krebs cycle & electron transport chain- Mitochondria

4
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Outline the function of glucagon in relation to the breakdown of glycogen when fasting

Glucagon is a hormone released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low

Fasting reduces blood glucose which stimulates the release of glucagon

5
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Explain how glucose molecules combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

Disaccharides- formed through monosaccharides being linked in a condensation reaction

Polysaccharides- monosaccharides linked to a disaccharide

6
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Chemical composition of a glucose molecule

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

7
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Describe the process of glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis is when glycogon breaks glycogen to release glucose.
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the liver
Catabolic reaction

8
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Distinguish between the role of insulin and glucagon during a long-distance cycle race (5)

Insulin: releases due to high blood sugar; increases the uptake of glucose by cells

Glucagon: Is released due to low blood sugar, and stimulates the breakdown of glucagen in the blood. Is released during long periods of exercise when liver glycogen stores are depleted

9
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Define Cellular respiration

The controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds in cells

10
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Which of the following are major sites of triglyceride storage

Adipose tissue & Skeletal muscle

11
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What is an example of an unsaturated fat

Canola oil

12
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Chemical composition of a protein molecule

N,O,C,H

13
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What term is used to describe the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen (occurs in the cytoplasm)

Anaerobic glycolysis

14
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Which is an example of a catabolic reaction

the production of glucose from glycogen

15
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What is the function of Lysosomes?

Digest cellular macromolecules

16
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Which of the following fuels can be used by a cell to make ATP anaerobically

glucose

17
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Which of the following describes lipolysis?

the process of releasing triglycerides from the body’s fat stores

18
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What is the function of adrenaline during exercise

stimulates the breakdown of glycogen

19
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Which of the following is the function of the golgi apparatus

It is involved in the processing and packaging of proteins and fats

20
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Which of the following are features of the ATP-CP system?

It provides energy for the first three minutes of activity

CP is broken down to provide a phosphate molecule

21
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Which energy system is the quickest to resynthesize ATP?

atp-cp

22
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What is the process by which glycogen is broken down to glucose?

Glycogenolysis

23
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Which type of process is taking place when ATP is converted to ADP and Phosphate

Metabolism and Catabolism

24
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What is the composition of the triacylglycerol molecule

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

25
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What characterizes saturated fats

They have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid

26
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What is glycogen?

A polysaccharide built from glucose molecules