Sports Science unit 3 test

Macronutrient breakdown

Macronutrient breakdown

50-60% carbs

>30% fats

12-15% protein

6 Cups of water

Limited Saturated fats

Explain how anaerobic energy systems could contribute to ATP production during a 3-minute round of boxing.

All system work concurrently

Anaerobic System is used because it’s short/intense

ATP-CP is dominant for first 7-10 seconds

Lactic Acid system is dominant from five seconds to 1-2 minutes

Describe the production of ATP from glucose by the aerobic system

Production of ATP with oxygen

Aerobic energy consists of 3 systems- glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Glycolysis- occurs in cytoplasm

Krebs cycle & electron transport chain- Mitochondria

Outline the function of glucagon in relation to the breakdown of glycogen when fasting

Glucagon is a hormone released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low

Fasting reduces blood glucose which stimulates the release of glucagon

Explain how glucose molecules combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

Disaccharides- formed through monosaccharides being linked in a condensation reaction

Polysaccharides- monosaccharides linked to a disaccharide

Chemical composition of a glucose molecule

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

Describe the process of glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis is when glycogon breaks glycogen to release glucose.
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the liver
Catabolic reaction

Distinguish between the role of insulin and glucagon during a long-distance cycle race (5)

Insulin: releases due to high blood sugar; increases the uptake of glucose by cells

Glucagon: Is released due to low blood sugar, and stimulates the breakdown of glucagen in the blood. Is released during long periods of exercise when liver glycogen stores are depleted

Define Cellular respiration

The controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds in cells

Which of the following are major sites of triglyceride storage

Adipose tissue & Skeletal muscle

What is an example of an unsaturated fat

Canola oil

Chemical composition of a protein molecule

N,O,C,H

What term is used to describe the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen (occurs in the cytoplasm)

Anaerobic glycolysis

Which is an example of a catabolic reaction

the production of glucose from glycogen

What is the function of Lysosomes?

Digest cellular macromolecules

Which of the following fuels can be used by a cell to make ATP anaerobically

glucose

Which of the following describes lipolysis?

the process of releasing triglycerides from the body’s fat stores

What is the function of adrenaline during exercise

stimulates the breakdown of glycogen

Which of the following is the function of the golgi apparatus

It is involved in the processing and packaging of proteins and fats

Which of the following are features of the ATP-CP system?

It provides energy for the first three minutes of activity

CP is broken down to provide a phosphate molecule

Which energy system is the quickest to resynthesize ATP?

atp-cp

What is the process by which glycogen is broken down to glucose?

Glycogenolysis

Which type of process is taking place when ATP is converted to ADP and Phosphate

Metabolism and Catabolism

What is the composition of the triacylglycerol molecule

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

What characterizes saturated fats

They have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid

What is glycogen?

A polysaccharide built from glucose molecules