ITM100

What is telecommunications?

electronic transmission of audio, sound and information through a distance by electromagnetic waves

Convergence

connecting telephone and computer into one

Broadband

contain more data and sends it faster

Major Computer Network Components

client/server, network interfaces, connection medium, hubs/switches

client/server computing

Form of distributed processing in which some machines (servers) perform computing functions for end-user PCs (clients).

Packet Switching

slicing digital networks into packets and sending them through connected networks

Protocol

rules that govern transmission of info between on point to another

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Modem

a conversion device for digital and analog data

Digital Signal

A system of discrete states: high or low, on or off, 1 or 0.

Analogy signals

continuously changing signals

Bandwidth

difference between the highest and lowest frequencies in a band or set of frequencies

What is the internet?

A worldwide network of interconnected networks

Network Service Providers

Own trunk lines (high-speed backbone networks)

Regional telephone and cable TV companies

Provide regional and local access

Government Bodies duties

makes internet standards

DNS (Domain Name System)

Converts IP address into domains, or identifying labels that use a variety of recognizable naming conventions.

IP address

A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

Web Server

a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile device

Searching for info on the web

search engines, search engine marketing and search engine optimization

What is search engine optimization?

the process of maximizing the number of visitors to a particular website by ensuring that the site appears high on the list of results returned by a search engine.

wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

networks of interconnected wireless devices with built-in processing, storage, and radio-frequency sensors and antennas that are embedded into the physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances

What is e-commerce?

Conducting business on the internet (buying/selling on the internet)

Technology foundations for eCommerce

wifi connection, wearable devices, smartphones

ubiquity

Internet/Web technology available everywhere: work, home, and so on, anytime

Global reach

the ability to reach anyone connected to the internet anywhere in the world

universal standards

One set of technology standards: Internet standards

Richness

Supports video, audio, and text messages

Interactivity

can interact w/ customers (tech support chat window)

information density

the total amount and quality of information available to all market participants

information asymmetry

situation in which one party is more informed than another because of the possession of private information

menu costs

the costs of changing prices

search costs

the effort required to find suitable products

transaction costs

the expenses of negotiating and executing a deal

dynamic pricing

adjusting prices continually to meet the characteristics and needs of individual customers and situations

Disintermediation

occurs when a business sells directly to the customer online and cuts out the intermediary

Digital Goods

goods that can be delivered over a digital network

Business-to-business (B2B)

applies to businesses buying from and selling to each other over the internet

Business-to-consumer (B2C)

applies to any business that sells its products or services to consumers over the internet

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

applies to customers offering goods and services to each other on the internet

long tail marketing

ability of firms to market goods profitably to very small online audiences, largely because of the lower costs of reaching very small market segments

behavorial targeting

the process of following people's behavior and then sending them material tailored to what was learned about them

native targeting

provides new ways to communicate with customers

social shopping sites

Swap shopping ideas with friends (Ex. Pinterest)

Social network marketing

using online social networks to build and strengthen brands

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

the computer-to-computer exchange of business documents from a retailer to a vendor and back

M-commerce

the ability to conduct commerce using a mobile device for the purpose of buying or selling goods or services

mission-critical

Systems that must run without failure or with nearly instant recovery from failure or will result in major loss

Why are information systems vulnerable?

have confidential info, trade secrets, info on new products

Software problems

Programming errors, installation errors, unauthorized changes, physical damage

Buffer Overflow

A technique for crashing by sending too much data to the buffer in a computer's memory leaving user with heightened privilege

Computer Crime

any illegal act involving a computer

Computer as target of crime

Breaching confidentiality of protected computerized data

Accessing a computer system without authority

Computer as an Instrument of Crime

theft of trade secrets,

using emails for threats

SSID

The name of a wireless network

War driving

driving around looking for unprotected home or corporate wireless networks and gain access

virus

A piece of code that is capable of and typically has a detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data needs a host

Worm

A destructive computer program that bores its way through a computer's files or through a computer's network no active host needed

Trojan Horse

a program that appears desirable but actually contains something harmful

Hackers

People who try to get access to your computer without your permission

Cracker

a hacker with criminal intent

SQL Injection

An attack that targets SQL servers by injecting commands to be manipulated by the database.

Phising

Setting up fake Web sites or sending e-mail messages that look like legitimate businesses to ask users for confidential personal data

Pharming

Reroutes requests for legitimate websites to false websites

Back door

a program or set of instructions in a program that allows users to bypass security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network

spoofing

pretending to be someone or something else, normally without permission

sniffing

Eavesdropping on network communications by a third party.

denial of service attack

a cyber attack in which an attacker sends a flood of data packets to the target computer, with the aim of overloading its resources

Botnets

a set of computers that are penetrated by malicious software known as malware that allows an external agent to control their actions

Social Engineering

hackers use their social skills to trick people into revealing access credentials or other valuable information

general controls

controls designed to make sure an organization's information system and control environment is stable and well managed

application controls

Controls that apply to the processing of specific computer applications and are part of the computer programs used in the accounting system.

CAPTCHA

prevents software bots

reCAPTCHA

prevents digital books from bots

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)

A key encryption technique for wireless networks that uses keys both to authenticate network clients and to encrypt data in transit.

WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)

A secure encryption protocol.

risk assessment

the process of measuring risk

security policy

Ranks information risks, identifies acceptable security goals, and identifies mechanisms for achieving these goals

disaster recovery plan

A detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood

Business Continuity Planning

outlines procedures for keeping an organization operational in the event of a natural disaster or network attack

information systems audit

examines the firm's overall security environment as well as controls governing individual information systems

security audit

An assessment of an organization's security vulnerabilities performed by an accredited network security firm.

Hardware Platform Trends

mobile digital platform, virtualization, green computing, quantum computing, BYOD

BYOD

Bring Your Own Device

Virtualized Computing

Creates multiple "virtual" machines on a single computing device

Cloud Computing

the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.

green computing

involves reducing the environmental waste generated when using a computer

Quantum computing

uses the principles of quantum physics to represent data and perform operations on these data

open source software

Software such as Linux that includes its uncompiled source code which can be modified and distributed by programmers

Java

a programming language used to create interactivity on web pages

Python

used to build cloud computing app

HTML

The file format for documents viewed using a browser.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application

Web Services

Software components that exchange information with one another using universal Web communication standards and languages

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

programming language that uses author-defined tags to identify each data entry so that the data can be easily imported into other applications

3 external sources for software

(1) Software packages and enterprise software

(2) Software outsourcing