bio unit 1 module 3

intro to biomolecules

carbon

a biomolecule is an organic, ? based molecule

all living organisms need biomolecules!

carbs

protiens

nucleic acids

lipids

4 main types of biomolecules

carbon- 4

H- 1

O- 2

N= 3

how many valence electrons does carbon have that can be used for bonding vs hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

a variety of different strucutres cuz of its ability to form more bonds

carbon based molecules can form

more available funciron= more complex life forms= fromation of nmore species of life

more available strucutres =

monomer

individual subunit - building block of a molecule

dimer

2 monomers covantly bonded together

polymer

many monomers covantly bonded together

biomolecule metabolism (catabolism vs anabolism)

combination of chemical reactions that synthesize and hydrolyze biomolecules ofr energy storage and release

free energy

energy that is actually available for a cell to use for metabolic processes

breka down biological polymers into monomers to help generate atp

catabolic reactions do what

exogenic, meaning there is a net release of free energy

catabolic reactions are

build up biological monmores into polymers for energy storage

anabolic reactions do what

endergonic, meaning they require a net investment of energy

anabolic reactions are

dehydration synthesis

hydrolysis

anabolic -

catabolic =

exergonic reactions release free energy that is used by endergonic reactions so they can occur. this Is called reaction coupling

explain the reaction coupling between exergonic and endergonic

dehydration synthesis - anabolic process that synthesizes polymers for energy storage and/or structure

process by which monomers are covantly bonded together into polymers

enzymes

dehydration synthesis requires the assistance of

removal of water

to create (a bond)

dehydration =

synthesis =

make a bond between monomers

dehyration synthesis is a removal of water to

byporduct

wate ris formed as a

polymers are broken down into monomers

catabolic process that breaks down polymers to release energy

hydrolysis is process by which

enzymes

water

requires the assistance of ? and the breakdown of ? to occur

water

to break

hydro =

lysis =

break the bonds between monmers

hydrolysis uses water to