Water & Alcohol Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts and facts regarding water and alcohol from the lecture notes, aiding in exam preparation.

What is the significance of water for human survival?

An average human can survive only 3 days without water.

What percentage of the human body is typically made up of water?

50-60%

What are the water content percentages of well-hydrated muscles and fat tissue?

Well-hydrated muscles are about 75% water, while fat tissue is about 10% water.

What is a recommended daily fluid intake for adults?

8 cups (1 gallon / 64 ounces)

What factors influence an individual's fluid needs?

Bodyweight, body composition, activity level, sweat rate, and age.

What types of foods contribute to daily fluid needs?

fruits and vegetables

How much water do people typically lose daily?

Around 2500 ml

What are the effects of losing more than 2% of body weight due to water loss?

Increased thirst, discomfort, and decreased appetite.

Why is tap water recommended over bottled water?

Tap water is usually free, safe, contains trace minerals, and is associated with less environmental waste.

What type of alcohol do we commonly consume?

Ethanol

How is ethanol absorbed in the body?

80% in small intestine 20% in the stomach

What is first pass metabolism of ethanol?

The liver detoxifies most of the ethanol during its first pass, affecting its levels in the bloodstream.

What is the legal Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) limit for driving?

0.08%, or 0.05% for commercial drivers.

What is the effect of food on alcohol absorption?

Food slows down alcohol absorption and reduces impairment.

What are risks associated with excessive alcohol intake?

Accidents, brain damage, high blood pressure, and various cancers.

How does alcohol abuse affect nutritional status?

It depletes B-vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins and can hinder fat digestion.

What are the recommendations for moderate alcohol consumption?

1 for women 2 for men

What is the definition of 'proof' in relation to alcohol?

Proof is twice the percentage of alcohol in a drink (e.g., 100 proof = 50% alcohol).