italy - topic 4

key aims of foreign policy

• achieving dominance over mediterranean sea

• dominance over bulkans

• establish an empire in africa

• national prestige

• spread fascism

what was st germaine

treaty for austria hungary

when was the league of nations set up

1926

why was the league of nations bad for mussolini and his foreign policy

• restricts him

• dominated by Uk and france

when does the league of nations become more flexible

when hitler comes into power in 1933

did italy have a loud voice in the paris peace conference

no

what happened in the paris peace conference

3 major empires destroyed, austria hungary, russia and germany

did the USA join the league of nations

no

position of USA after ww1

isolates themselves and doesnt want to get involved in europe

position of germany after ww1

lost land and close to bankruptcy

is eastern europe settled or unsettled after ww1

unsettled

when was the locarno pact

1925

what was the locarno pact

borders more afirmed

when was the kellogg briand pact

1928

what was the kellogg briand pact

renounces war

is mussolini being reactive or proactive pre 1935

reactive

when did ww2 start

1939

when did italy join ww2

1940

when is mussolini captured

1943

did italy get fiume in the paris peace conference in 1919

no

how did italy get fiume

• began bargaining with new kingdom of yugoslavia

• 1924, persuaded them to accept fiume as part as italy

• fiume was then annexed by italy

who did italy begin bargaining with to get fiume

the new kingdom of yugoslavia

when did italy persuade yugoslavia to get fiume as apart of italy

1924

who controlled corfu

league of nations/greece

who was assassinated in corfu

tellini who was an italian general

how did italy get control of corfu

• italian navy bombarded corfu in 1923, which he did without consolidating anyone

when was tellini assassinated

1923

who was tellani

an italian general

when did italy bombard corfu

1923

why was tellani in corfu

on behalf of the league of nations

did britain and france approve of italy bombing corfu

no

what did britain and france do about italy bombing corfu

put pressure on mussolini to withdraw italian forces, but britain and france dont take direct action

how did mussolini present the bombing of corfu to italy

presented as a glorified success in propaganda

consequence of mussolini bombing corfu

• got prestige

• winning over public support

• restoring relations with britain and france

• weakened league of nations as italy got away with bombing corfu

what countries were apart of the bulkans

• yugoslavia

• greece

• albania

• bosnia

how did mussolini try to take control of yugoslavia

gave secret aid to people who wanted yugoslavia to split who were in yugoslavia, hoping the country would fall apart and he could take control

whats the treaty of lausanne

dealt with greece, it confirmed that italy had the dodecanese

what confirmed that italy had the dodecanese

the treaty of lausanne

what did italy force dodecanese to do

speak italian, when they spoke full greek

when did italy have economic control over albania

1912

when did italy withdraw economic control over albania

post ww1

what happened after italy withdrew economic control over albania

albania went to civil war

what did mussolini do about the civil war in albania

mussolini interfered and sided with the king zog group.

who did mussolini side with in the civil war in albania

king zog

when did mussolini establish a protectorent

1926

what was the protectorent that mussolini established

to use one country to control another

when did mussolini annex albania

in 1939

did mussolini get away with the bombing of corfu

yes

when did italy take libya

1912

when italy took libya in 1912, who hadn’t been defeated

the berber rebels had never been defeated in libya

what rebels had never been defeated in libya

berber rebels

when did mussolini try to defeat the berber rebels in libya

1922-25

how were italy becoming more and more repressive with libya in the 1930s

put a barbed wire fence around the meditteranian o stop the supply route from Egypt from coming in

did the UK try to help libya from italy

no

what does pacified mean

no fighting going on

after mussolini got complete control over libya what happpened

libya was pacified

why was gaining the libya land a failure

libya is a desert so there’s no economic benefits and it cost italy a fortune

where did italy launch at attack on in the 1920s in north east africa

somalia

did britain or france try to try italys attack on somalia

no

what countries did italy have control of in africa

• libya

• eritrea

• north somalia

why did mussolini want the africa countries

for propaganda purposes, to increase his prestige

when was the locarno pact

1925

when was the kellogg brian’s pact

1928

what was the locarno pact

recognise north european boarders

who signed the locarno pact

britain, france, germany and italy

how did signing the locarno pact prove mussolini as a statesmen

presented himself as the same status as britain and france

what was the kellogg briand pact

no war, to settle dispute peacefully

even though the locarno pact and the kellogg briand pact were symbols of peacefulness, what did mussolini use it for

• propaganda purposes

• he has little interest in the pacts

• does it to be taken seriously by britain and france

what did mussolini show up to locarno in and why

a speedboat to show himself as powerful and rich to gain popularity

when was austria hungarys alliance with germany banned

treaty of versailles

what did the nazis do in 1934 with austria

nazis began interfering in politics in austria

how did mussolini retailiate the nazi interference in politics in austria in 1934

sent troops to asturias boards to warn of attacking italy

did the italian public like the germans, why

no, the germans were socialist and the italians were nationalists

how did mussolini placing troops of te boarder of austria become a propaganda success

public became proud of mussolini as he is protecting them

when did nazis interfere in politics in austria

1934

when was the stresa front

1935

who set up the stresa front

britain, france and italy

where was the stresa front held

in stresa, italy

why did italy france and britain meet in stresa

to protest about german rearmament

what was agreed with the stresa front 1935

all 3 countries agree to resist breach of any of the peace treaty to ensure peace in order to keep hitler in place

why does italy do the stresa front

to side with france and britain

what did britain do shortly after the stresa front

britian makes an agreement with germany that they can have rearmament

why does britain agree with germany that they can have rearmament after the stresa front

bigger enemies out there (USSR)

more nostrum

our sea

our sea in italian

more nostrum

what was anichuluss

union between austria and germany

consequence of anichuluss

mussolini put troops on austrian boarders

proof mussolini was a great statesman by 1934

• went from being aggressive to more political (locarno and kellogg brian pact)

• expansion of influence; libya, albania, fiume

• anichuluss retailiation - banned it

proof mussolini wasn’t a great statesman by 1934

• the pacts didn’t benefit italy, and it went against his goals

• there was no economic gain and it cost a lot to expand his influence to other countries

• was mussolini really the cause of the banning of anichuluss?

who was luigi federzoni

an italian nationalist

what did luigi federzoni support

italys participation in the first woold war

who was puerto badoglio

governor of libya from 1929 to 1933, held high ranks in the italian army and he led italian forces to victory in abyssina

who was rodolfo graziani

made his reputation in the pacification of libya, he commanded italian forces on the souther front in the abyssinian war

how did the pacification of libya happen

• brutal methods

• more than 100,000 native population were expelled form their land and penned up in concentration camps

• death rates were high

• poison gas to bomb the rebels

how many people were expelled from their land in the pacification of libya

100,000 of the native population

who was apart of the four power pact

• france

• britain

• germany

• italy

what did mussolini want the four power pact to do for him

• demonstrate his importance

• bypass the league of nations of direct agreements between the main european powers

who did mussolini make a treaty with in 1927

hungary

what was mussolini’s treaty with hungary in 1927

aligning both countries with opposition to the unfair post war peace settlement

what treaty did mussolini have with austria in 1930

the friendship treaty