Oral Microscopic Anatomy & Embryology

Anatomy

The study of the oral structures as seen with a microscope.

Embryology

The study of prenatal development through the stages before birth.

Oral Embryology

The study of embryonic formation and development. In other words, it is the study of prenatal development through the stages before birth.

Oral Histology & Embryology

Development and growth of teeth and oral cavities, as well as the structure and development of salivary glands.

Histology

Branch of medical science that deals with the study of minute structures of tissues and organs of the body.

Oral Histology

Branch of science that deals with the study of microscopic structures of oral and dental structures.

Cell

The structural and functional unit of life in all tissues and organ system.

Tissue

A group of cells with intercellular substance and tissue fluid, performing definite function.

Embryology

The science that deals with the study of anatomical and functional development of the individual species.

Embryology

The branch of biology that studies the development of gametes, fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. It is the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Gametes

Formed in the gonads, which also have hormonal functions.

Sperm - Oocyte

Are specialized sex cell containing one-half the regular number of chromosomes (2).

Seed

Sperma means?

Mitosis

Process by which new cells are generated.

Meiosis

Process by which gametes are generated for reproduction.

Gametogenesis

Process of production of gametes. Also knowm as meiosis.

Gametogenesis

A delicate, specialized maturation process called spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females.

Spermatogenesis

Specialized maturation process in males.

Oogenesis

Specialized maturation process in females.

Gametogenesis

Functions to reproduce half the number of chromosomes as well as redistribution of the hereditary material.

Gametogenesis

For acquisition of special form and function by the reproductive cells.

Spermatogenesis

Are formed in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, from a basic cell called spermatogonia which have been dormant in the tubules since the fetal period.

Seminiferous Tubules

Spermatogenesis are formed in the ____________ _______ of the testis, from a basic cell called spermatogonia which have been dormant in the tubules since the fetal period.

Spermatogonia

Begin to increase in number at puberty (13-16 male).

Primary Spermatocytes

After several mitotic divisions, spermatogonia grow and undergo changes to form?

Primary Spermatocytes

What is the largest sperm cells in the tubules?

Secondary Spermatocytes

Each primary spermatocyte undergoes a reduction division called the first meiotic division to form 2 haploid _________ _____________.

First Meiotic Division

Each primary spermatocyte undergoes a reduction division called?

4

Secondary spermatocytes undergo a secondary meiotic division to form how many haploid spermatids?

Second Meiotic Division

Secondary spermatocytes undergo a _________ _______ ________ to form 4 haploid spermatids.

4

Spermatids gradually form how many mature sperm of spermatozoa via spermiogenesis?

Spermiogenesis

Spermatids gradually form four mature sperm of spermatozoa via?

64

How many days of process is spermatogenesis?

65 mm

Length of normal human spermatozoa?

100 Million

Normal human spermatozoa is how many millions per mL of semen?

More than 80%

How many normal human spermatozoa are motile at emission?

5 mm per minute

Rate of movement of normal human spermatozoa in the genital tract?

Elongated

Morphological (shape) of normal human spermatozoa change from round spermatids to _________ sperm.

3-4 days

How many days is the survival in genital tract of normal human spermatozoa?

Acrosome

Normal human spermatozoa transform golgi apparatus into?

Oogonia

The ova are formed in the ovary from cells called _______ which proliferate by mitotic division.

Primary

All of the oogonia enlarge to form _______ oocytes, of which about 2 million are present at birth.

Primary Oocytes

Oocytes that begin the first meiotic division before birth but do not complete prophase until after puberty.

Primary

Oocytes that stay dormant in the ovaries until puberty.

Ovulation

Just before _________, the primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division.

Secondary

At ovulation, the nucleus of the _________ oocytes begins the second meiotic division progressing only to metaphase then division arrests.

Metaphase

At ovulation, the nucleus of the secondary oocytes begins the second meiotic division progressing only to _________ then division arrests.

Cytoplasm

If fertilization occurs, the second meiotic division is completed, and the mature oocyte retains most of the?

Every Menstrual Cycle

Corresponds to the maturation of an oocyte, which becomes an ovum through division, yielding cells of unequal size.

Ovum - Polar Bodies

The formation of an ovum in division yields cells of unequal size, which are (2)?

120-150

Ovum measures about ___ to ___ mm and which alone is fertilizable.

Ovum

Measures about 120-150 mm and which alone is fertilizable.

Polar Bodies

Are no larger than 10mm and are not fertilizable.

Fertilization

The fusion of haploid gametes, egg and sperm, to form the diploid zygote.

Oviduct

Fertilization usually occurs in first ⅓ of _______ (upper third of the uterine tube).

Capacitation

Sperm undergo ____________ (further maturation) within the female reproductive duct.

Zona Pellucida

In female reproductive tract, the sperms were enabled to bind to the ____ _________ receptors.

Capacitation

The removal of glycotin coat and seminal proteins, and alteration of sperm mitochondria.

Oviduct

The sperm reach the eggs in the _______ where fertilization will occur.

Acidic Vaginal Fluid - Cervical Canal

What are the biological barriers preventing the sperm cell from fertilizing the egg cell?

Fertilization

It is brought about by the power of copulation or coitus, the biologic purpose is to introduce spermatic fluid into the female.

Oocytes Meiosis

Completes meiosis 1 and commences meiosis 2 (arrests at metaphase 2).

Spermatozoa Capacitation

Following ejaculation and mixing with other glandular secretions, activities motility and acrosome preparation.

Fast Block

Electrical charge in egg plasma membrane prevents polyspermy.

Slow Block

Depolarization of egg plasma membrane due to Ca++ release.

Egg Activation

The release of calcium ions in egg plasma membrane also triggers protein synthesis.

Fusion

The binding of sperm to the zona pellucida is the easy part of fertilization.

Fusion

Formation of male and female pronuclei.

Zygote

First stage of early embryo, and is formed upon fusion of the haploid (n) male and female pronucleus.

Diploid

The zygote is the first stage of early embryo, and is formed upon fusion of the haploid (n) male and female pronucleus, wherein the chromosome number in the fertilization becomes?

Genomes

A combination of the DNA in each gamete and contains all of the genetic information necessary to form a new individual.