FoB lecture 5

What is a prokaryote?

single cell (old) - diverse

no membrane-bound organelles

DNA in circular chromosomal form (freely)

contain hair-like projections (movement)

double membranes

ex: archaea and bacteria

what is a eurkaryote?

younger than prokaryote

have membrane-bound organelles;

nucleus - all, mitochondria - almost all, chloroplasts - plants

DNA in linear chromosomal form

what are similarities between prokaryote and eukaryote?

contain a cell membrane

cytoplasm

DNA ; genetic info

ribosomes

cytoskeleton

what do plant cells have that make them unique (from animal cells)? 3

a cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane

chloroplasts

a large central vacuole

what is luca?

last universal common ancestor ; first cell on earth - ancestor of all the biological life on the planet

what is the cell theory?

• all cells develop from preexisting cells

• all cells are composed of 1 or more cells

• cells are the basic unit and structure for living things

where is the DNA in a prokaryote / eurkaryote?

prokaryote: free-floating linear DNA

eurkaryote: DNA coiled double helix in nucleus