New Testament Exam 2 and 3

The Gospel of Matthew

-50% of Matthews gospel comes from Mark
-does not contain birth stories
-has no resurrection story
-contains sayings of Jesus (Q source)
-JC baptized by John
-in order
Passion Narratives: Jesus fulfills scripture, judas commits suicide and realized Jesus is the Messiah, PP wife declares Jesus as innocent, rock splits

Genealogy in The Gospel of Matthew:

Abraham --> 14 generations --> David -kings --> 14 gen. --> exile in babylon --> 14 gen. --> Messiah

Who was the audience for Matthew's gospel?

Jews who followed Jesus

The Gospel of Matthew equals.....

-Matthew = Mk + Q + M

What year was The Gospel of Matthew written?

-80-90 C.E in Antioch

How many chapters does The Gospel of Matthew have?

28 chapters

In Matthew, Jesus is portrayed as....

the True Jewish Messiah
Why? - Because the Jews are split into 2 sects (Christ-believing Jews and Traditional Jews)

The Gospel of Mark

-91% of Marks gospel can be seen in Matthew/Luke
-Background: Nero in rule and persecutes Christians
-Starts with Blindman and ends with Blindman following Jesus
- Passion Narrative: woman anoints Jesus for burial, Jesus claims to be divine but is considered blasphemy, trial with PP turns political, disciples flee, curtain of temple

In the Gospel of Mark, seeing is to....

understand

How many chapters does Mark have?

-has 16 chapters

The Gospel of Mark was written in....

67 CE, Rome

Who was the audience for Marks gospel?

persecuted Christians

In Mark, Jesus is portrayed as....

the unrecognized suffering Son of God

The Gospel of Luke

-prophets are rejected
-reversal theology (rich will be poor and poor will be rich)
-JC baptized by Abraham
-JC had sermon on the plain
-JC includes outcast and sinners, he heals, forgives
-Passion Narrative: crucifixion, empty tomb, accession
-Luke does not talk about JC coming back

In Luke, Genealogy starts with....

Adam

The Gospel of Luke includes....

-Luke = Mk + Q + L

The audience in Lukes Gospel were....

gentiles (non-jews)

The Gospel of Luke was written in

85 CE

In Luke, Jesus is portrayed as....

the Savior of the World

The Gospel of John

-Similarities with Synoptics: shared stories (feeding of 5000) and passion narratives
-omits birth story
-JC teaches about the Kingdom of God and Identity

The Gospel of John was written in

-95 CE

Who is the audience in The Gospel of John?

Jewish Christians

In John, Jesus is portrayed as....

the life-giving word from Heaven

gospels in order

mark, matthew, luke, john

synoptic gospels

the first three Gospels which describe events in Christ's life from a similar point of view

The synoptic problem

The Synoptic Problem is the problem of the literary relationships among the first three “Synoptic” Gospels. Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called “Synoptic Gospels” because they can be “seen together”.

Q source

200 sayings of Jesus Christ

According to the Griesback Theory

-Matthew is the basis of synoptic tradition, no need for q source, Luke copies, Mark abbreviates

Two Source Theory

-Mark is the 1st gospel written (basis of synoptic tradition)
-Q sayings, Mk source and L scource

Babylonian exile

The Babylonian captivity was Israel’s punishment for not keeping the Sabbath for the land. According to Leviticus 25:1-7 they were supposed to let the land lie fallow for one year out of every seven.

Intercalation

An intercalation is a literary device whereby two pericopes, or narrative units, are combined by splitting one apart and inserting the other between the parts (seen in marks gospel)

Exorcism

was used in Matthew and Mark to reveal JC glory

transfiguration

The Transfiguration of Jesus is a spiritual event that reveals Jesus’ divine nature and coming sacrifice to his disciples.

Messianic Secret

JC told people who knew that he was the messiah to keep his title a secret

Nazareth Sermon (Luke)

Jesus’ sermon, therefore, implies that his ministry is one that liberates people from social and economic oppression, just as other pronouncements indicate that Jesus also frees people from sin’s oppression. Later, in Luke 4:24-29, Jesus provokes his audience by insisting that prophets suffer rejection in their homelands.

last supper

the traditional Passover supper of Jesus with his disciples on the eve of his crucifixion

Gethsemane

the garden where JC prayed, arrested and denied in the passion narratives

sanhedrin

the supreme judicial and ecclesiastical council of ancient Jerusalem

Barabbas

guilty man who was freed by the people during JC conviction

Herod Antipas

assigned Pontius Pilate as roman ruler during JC life

Joseph of Arimathea

Joseph of Arimathea was, according to all four canonical gospels, the man who assumed responsibility for the burial of Jesus after his crucifixion.

Theophilus

-who Lukes gospel was written for
-name means lover of God

John's Prolouge

Logos - word
Life - Bios (biological) and Zoe (vitality)
Light - universal
believing is acting on something that you think is true based on love, loyalty and trust
states main idea of johns gospel is that the flesh (JC) is among us - Incarnation
I AM - Yahweh - 7 sayings
signs were written for people to believe, 7 signs

The Book of Glory

talks about the non living and living; ex: JC turning water into wine

pedilavium

feet washing during the last supper scene in John's gospel

Glossolalia

speaking in tongues (received during Pentecost)

Holy Spirit

empowering force that drives the movement of early Christian followers of Jesus

Justification by Faith

*“the faith of Christ”*

Judicial Model of Salvation

all human beings are guilty before God and because of our guilty we are judged in the "court” of God. Because Jesus took our judgement Gods judgement is put on Jesus.

Union Model of Salvation

Born into a union with Jesus through Baptism

New Perspective on Paul

Paul is writing to a specific event (the return of Jews in the Christian community of Rome

Occasional Letter

writings by Paul about a event problem

Pastoral Epistles

group of Pauline letters- that are written to specific people

Catholic Epistles

universal letters

Sanctuary

inner part of Jewish Temple

Expiation

to sooth the anger by animal sacrifice

666

Caesar Nero

Acts of the Apostles

Acts (actions)

Written by Luke in 85 C.E in Asia Minor

Written for the gentiles

Jesus = Savior of the world

Genre: Succession narrative (story about who succeeded Jesus

Paul

\-former persecutor of Christians

\-aka Saul

\-Hellenistic Jew

\-Paul teaches in rhetoric

\-originally believed Jesus was cursed

\- Damascus road revelation (Saul met Jesus and his view changed

\

Hellenistic Jews

Hellenistic Judaism was **a form of Judaism in classical antiquity that combined Jewish religious tradition with elements of Greek culture**

Jerusalem Council

leaders of Christian movement join leaders of jewish movement

* compromise between gentiles and jews

Pauline letters

the Pauline Epistles are the 13 letters written by the apostle Paul that are included in the canon of Scripture. The Pauline Epistles are Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon.

Patmos

the island where John was exiled and wrote revelation (has a vision where he writes 7 letters to churches

ascension

Ascension’ simply means ‘**going up**’, and as we can see from these Bible verses, it refers to Jesus ascending to heaven.

Covenantal Nomism

\-Covenantal Nomism means “**Trust and Obey**

\-it is understood that people continue to sin. The covenant includes the means for being forgiven of sins.

original sin

sin that all humans are born with when Adam bit the apple

Pauline ethics

take care of community first, then care about yourself

typology

Biblical typology is the **biblical study of types**. Types, meaning symbols, are used to represent something else. For example, the Passover lamb in Exodus served as a type or symbol of Jesus Christ who would later come as a sacrifice for the atonement of sins.

Apocalyptic writing

\-genre of Revelations

\-the apocalypse is the main idea of these writings

James

Author: Unknown

\-catholic epistle

\- written in 80’s CE to an Unknown audience

Parenesis: moral exhortation (encouragement)

Letters to the Seven  

Churches

John writes instructions on how to run their church

diatribe

understood to be **either a transcription of such a lecture, or a written development of one.**

Faith v. Works

Faith is to believe, and works is to do

The Lamb

Jesus

The Beast

Nero (54-68) and Domitian (81-96)

The Dragon

the devil

Babylon

**In the Bible**, **Babylon** is mentioned from Genesis to Revelation, as it rises from its rebellious beginnings to become a symbol of the Antichrist’s evil world system.

Mother Israel

symbol of the chosen people of God—Israel—the woman in Revelation is also a symbol of the new people of God, the Church.

apostle

The word apostle means **“one who is sent out.”.**

Peter

Saint Peter was **one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ** and the first leader of the early Church.

Discuss the life and influence of the Apostle Paul.   Write a brief biography of Paul, paying special attention to significant turning points that contributed to the development of his thought.  Give an overview of Paul’s writings, noting his major theological and ethical themes.  Conclude with an evaluation of Paul’s influence on Christianity.

Pauls conversion: origonally believed Jesus is cursed because he was born on a tree (trees were where criminals died on), jesus interupts paul on the demascus road (jesus shows paul that he is still living), pauls view changes, JC is blessed by God

Paul writes 13 books/letters:

* his theology is righteous shall live by faith (can’t rely on the law)
* Ethical Themes of Paul: take care of community first, then care about yourself

 

Impact on Christian Community:

* explained the relationship between God the Father and Jesus, and on the mystical human relationship with the divine.

Timeline of JC:

4 B.C.E – Birth of Jesus
49 C.E – Expulsion of Jesus and Jerusalem Council
29 C.E – Jesus begins ministry
30-33 C.E – Jesus dies
67 C.E – Written of Mark
70 C.E – Jerusalem is destroyed by Romans
85 C.E – Written of Matthew and Luke
90-95 C.E – Written of John
367 C.E – written of cannon