oralcom speech styles

Speech Styles

The form of language that the speaker uses which characterized by the degree of formality form the most formal to the least formal style. (Martin Joo, 1976)

• It is the way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed, and corresponds to specific speech contexts;

• People can speak very formally or very informally, depending on a circumstance. (Wardhough 2006)

• Styles are analyzed along a scale of formality.

• Intimate
• Casual
• Consultative
• Formal
• Frozen

five types of speech style:

Factors to Consider in Choosing a Speech Style

a. Audience
b. Topic
c. Purpose
d. Location

Audience

Who are you speaking with? What is your relationship with him, her, or them?
Examples: classmates, friends, mother, priest, principal|

Topic

What is the subject of the conversation or the communication situation? Is it a serious topic or a lighthearted one?

Purpose

What is the objective of the communication? What do you and the other participants in the conversation aim to achieve?

Location

Where is the communication being held? What is the environment like?

Frozen

A style which is intended to be remembered and used in formal settings.

Uses language that never changes or remains
"frozen" in time

• Most highly formal style uses most complex grammatical structure and vocabulary known only to experts in a particular field

Utilizes customary and ritualized expressions.

Frozen

*Remains unchanged

* Revisions needs careful development of thoughts and other technical writing considerations

Examples:
• Marriage vows
• Judicial sentencing
• Allegiance to the country or flag
• Prayer
Speech

Formal

Generally used in formal events or talks about serious problems such as in formal speeches and official meetings

* Inform and captivate audience
Generally used in formal situations, where there is the least amount of shared background and the communication in this style is largely one-way with little or no feedback from the audience. (Martin Joo, 1976)

Frozen

In speaking, what the speaker says is
something prepared meaning it is SCRIPTED.
• e.g. court rooms, pronouncements by the judge, business meetings, sermons, graduation speech, announcement in schools
• Standard English,

Consultative

•The most operational style among the other styles

Used in semi-formal situations in which a speaker needs to provide background information because the listener (or addressee) may not be able to understand the topic without it

1.Used in ordinary or routine transactions that lead to an outcome or result
2.Used in business or in other professional situations
3. Interruptions are allowed.
4. Titles are likely to be used when using this speech style.
5.Speaker chooses words with some care, but the flow of conversation is still instantaneous.

Consultative

Used in group discussions, regular conversations in school, workplace, or
trade speech conversation

There is an EXPERT to consult for the purpose of seeking assistance

* Used in semi-formal communication

* A style that shown our norm for coming to term with strangers who speak our language but whose personal stock of information may be different.

Consultative

Happens in two-way participation
• It is used in negotiating with strangers or work colleagues.
• Used in small group discussion and in business-like situations.

Examples:
Teachers and students
* Employers and employees
* Doctor and patient
• President and his/her constituents

Casual
(Informal Style)

Style is common among peers and friends
Free and easy participation of both speaker and listener
• Diction or vocabulary to use is informal or colloquial

Casual
(Informal Style)

The style used among friends and co-workers in an informal setting

Intimate

Characterized by a complete absence of social inhibitions

Used by participants who share a very close relationship

Participants share a completely private vocabulary.

Intimate

d, conversatons are usually cone in private.
b. Participants use short, incomplete utterances.
c. Grammar and proper word choice are not given importance.
d. Nonverbal cues are often used to convey messages
e. Participants share inside jokes.
f. Words that signal intimacy are used.

Intimate

• Used in conversations between people who are very close
• Also, free and easy participation
• Language used may not be shared in public

Intimate

Occurs among members of family or friends or intimate individuals;

may use short utterances and does not need a complete sentence; sometimes
ungrammatical