Microbio Ch 20

Microbiology chapter 20 - gram-negative bacilli of medical importance

important decomposers and bio-remediators, can be used in oil spills and commercially =

pseudomonas aeruginosa

pseudomonas aeruginosa reservoir =

soil and water

10% of normal people carry _____ in their intestines

pseudomonas aeruginosa

pseudomonas aeruginosa produce _____ and _____

catalase, oxidase

acinetobacter baumanii commonly causes what 2 types of infections =

nosocomial and community-acquired

stenotrophomonas maltophilia commonly causes what 2 types of infections =

nosocomial and community-acquired

stenotrophomonas maltophilia can form _____

biofilms

bordetella pertussis reservoir =

healthy carriers

receptors that bind to ciliated respiratory cells and toxins that destroy or dislodge ciliated cells are virulence factors of =

bordetella pertussis

legionella pneumophilia reservoir =

water

legionellosis transmission is _____ _____ =

not communicable

legionellosis has a fatality rate of _____, treatment is _____

3-30%, azithromycin

gram negative enteric bacteria surface antigen - flagellar Ag =

H

gram negative enteric bacteria surface antigen - capsule and/or fimbrial Ag =

K

gram negative enteric bacteria surface antigen possessed by all enteric bacteria - somatic or cell wall Ag =

O

fecal-oral route of transmission’s 4 F’s (modes of transmission) =

fluids, fields/floors, flies, fingers

_____ E. coli causes inflammatory disease of the large intestine

enteroinvasive

_____ E. coli is linked to wasting form infantile diarrhea

enteropathogenic

yersinia pestis virulence factors =

coagulase, endotoxin, murine toxin

yersinia pestis has a _____ mortality rate if left untreated

50-90%

haemophilus aegyptius is the causative agent of what condition =

conjunctivitis or pink eye

Non-spore-forming bacteria with diverse habitats =

Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli

Aerobic gram-negative bacilli are _____-forming bacteria with diverse habitats

non-spore

Diseases transmitted from animals to humans =

Zoonotic

Toxic component of aerobic Gram-negative bacterial cell walls =

Endotoxin

endotoxin is the toxic component of what =

aerobic gram-negative bacterial cell walls

Opportunistic pathogens found in various environments =

Pseudomonas

Zoonotic pathogens causing tularemia =

Francisella

Francisella is a zoonotic pathogen that causes what condition =

tularemia

Mainly human pathogens causing respiratory diseases =

Bordetella

Bordatella are mainly human pathogens causing what =

respiratory diseases

Bacteria associated with pneumonia outbreaks =

Legionella

Legionella are bacteria associated with outbreaks of what condition =

pneumonia

Opportunistic pathogen, common in nosocomial infections =

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

pseudomonas aeruginosa is an _____ pathogen, common in nosocomial infections

opportunistic

pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, common in _____ infections

nosocomial

Natural habitat where organisms live and multiply =

Reservoir

Infections acquired in healthcare settings =

Nosocomial

Ability to produce cytochrome oxidase enzyme =

Oxidase positive

Enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide =

Catalase

Resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics is described as =

Multidrug resistant

Characteristic smell of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections =

Grapelike odor

Greenish-blue pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa =

Pyocyanin

Pyocyanin is a greenish-blue pigment produced by _____ =

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

pathogen that causes nosocomial infections; is highly resistant =

Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen that causes _____ infections; has _____ resistance =

nosocomial, high

Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against many bacteria =

Carbapenem

Enzymes that inactivate carbapenem antibiotics =

Carbapenemases

pathogen that forms biofilms; resistant to multiple drugs =

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a pathogen that forms _____; resistant to _____ _____ =

biofilms, multiple drugs

Zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis =

Tularemia

Ability of pathogens to survive inside host cells =

Intracellular persistence

Intracellular persistence is the ability of pathogens to do what =

survive inside host cells

Organisms that transmit pathogens to hosts =

Infectious vectors

Infectious vectors are organisms that do what =

transmit pathogens to hosts

Structured communities of bacteria adhering to surfaces are called =

Biofilms

Weakened form of pathogen used for immunization =

Attenuated vaccine

Bacteria causing whooping cough, a respiratory illness =

Bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis causes what condition =

whooping cough

Communicable childhood disease characterized by severe cough =

Whooping cough

Severe respiratory illness with rapid onset =

Acute respiratory syndrome

Components that enhance pathogen's ability to cause disease =

Virulence factors

Cells in the respiratory tract that help clear mucus =

Ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

Acellular vaccine protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis =

DTaP

DTaP is a(n) _____ vaccine protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

acellular

DTaP is an acellular vaccine protecting against _____, _____, _____ =

diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

Bacteria causing Legionnaires' disease, associated with water sources =

Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila causes what condition =

Legionnaires disease

Legionella pneumophila associated reservoir =

water sources

Infection caused by Legionella, leading to pneumonia =

Legionellosis

Legionellosis is an infection caused by Legionella, leading to _____ =

pneumonia

Severe pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila =

Legionnaires disease

Milder illness from Legionella, without pneumonia symptoms =

Pontiac fever

Percentage of deaths among infected individuals =

Fatality rate

Antibiotic used to treat Legionnaires' disease =

Azithromycin

Large group of gram-negative bacteria, often pathogenic =

Enterobacteriaceae Family

Enterobacteriaceae Family are a large group of gram-_____ bacteria, often pathogenic =

negative

Bacteria primarily found in the intestinal tract =

Enteric bacteria

Toxins causing gastrointestinal disturbances, leading to diarrhea =

Enterotoxins

Enterotoxins cause _____ disturbances, leading to _____ =

GI, diarrhea

Lactose-fermenting bacteria used as fecal contamination indicators =

Coliforms

Coliforms are _____ bacteria used as _____ contamination indicators =

Lactose-fermenting, fecal

Bacteria that do not ferment lactose.

Non-coliforms

Non-coliforms are bacteria that =

do not ferment lactose

Culture media that promotes growth of specific bacteria =

Selective media

Medium for differentiating enteric bacteria based on fermentation =

Triple-Sugar Iron (TSI)

Triple-Sugar Iron (TSI) is a medium for differentiating enteric bacteria based on _____ =

fermentation

test that determines if bacteria can move independently =

Motility Test

Tests for phenylalanine deaminase production =

Phenylalanine (PA) Test

test that detects indole production from tryptophan degradation =

Indole Test

presence of tryptophan degradation - formation of a _____, indicates a _____ indole test =

red cap, positive

Identifies acetoin production in bacteria =

Voges-Proskauer Test

the test tube turning _____ indicates a _____ Voges-Proskauer Test =

red, positive

Assesses bacteria's ability to use citrate as carbon source =

Citrate Utilization Test

test tube turning _____ indicates a _____ Citrate Utilization Test

blue, positive

Detects H2S production from sulfur-containing compounds =

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Test

test tube developing a _____ _____ indicates a _____ Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Test =

black precipitate, positive

Genus of bacteria known for H2S production =

Proteus

proteus is a genus of bacteria known for =

H2S production

Bacteria associated with respiratory infections and UTIs =

Klebsiella