Kinesiology Exam #3

Trapezius

Trapezius Origin

Skull, nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T12

Trapezius insertion

clavicle, acromion, and scapula spine

Trapezius Actions

Abduction of upper limb at shoulder by rotating scapula, elevate scapula, middle fibers retract and lower fibers depress

Innervation of Trapezius

Accessory nerve

Latissimus dorsi

Latissimus dorsi origin

Spinous processes of T7-T12, illiac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and inferior three ribs

Latissimus dorsi insertion

intertubercular sulcus of the humerus (also known as the bicipital groove)

Latissimus Dorsi action

Extension, adduction, and medial rotation of upper limb at the shoulder

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

Thoracodorsal nerve

Levator scapulae

Levator scapulae origin 

transverse processes of C1 -C4 vertebrae

Levator scapulae insertion

medial border of scapula

Levator scapulae actions

elevation of the scapula

Innervation of Levator Scapulae

Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid minor origin

spinous processes of C7 -T1

Rhomboid minor insertion

medial border of scapula, at level of spine of scapula

Actions of Rhomboid minor

Retraction and rotation of scapula

Innervation of Rhomboid minor

Dorsal Scapular nerve

Rhomboid major

Rhomboid major origin

spinous processes of T2-T5

Rhomboid major insertion

medial border of scapula, between scapula spine and inferior angle

Actions of Rhomboid major 

Retracts and rotates the scapula 

Innervation of Rhomboid major

Dorsal scapular nerve

Teres minor origin 

posterior surface of the scapula, adjacent to its lateral border 

Teres minor insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

Actions of teres minor

Lateral rotation of arm

Innervation of teres minor

Axillary nerve

Teres major

Teres Major origin

posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula 

Teres major insertion 

medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus (also known as bicipital groove)

Actions of the teres major

Adduction, extension and medial rotation

Innervation of teres major 

lower subscapular nerve 

Subscapularis

Subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa (anterior surface of the scapula)

Subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle of humerus

Actions of subscapularis 

medial rotation of the arm

Innervation of the subscapularis

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

pectoralis minor

Pectoralsis minor origin

3rd -5 ribs

pectoralis minor insertion

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor actions

stabilizes the scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall 

pectoralsis minor innervation

Medial pectoral nerve

Pectoralis major

pectoralis major origin

clavicular head- originates from the anterior surface of the medial clavicle

sternocostal head- originates from the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

pectoralsis major insertion

intertubercular sulcus of the humerus (bicipital groove)

pectoralis major innervation

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

serratus anterior

serratus anterior origin

lateral aspects of ribs 1-8

serratus anterior insertion 

costal (rib facing) surface of the medial border of the scapula 

Serratus anterior actions

rotates scapula, allowing the arm to be raised over 90 degrees, also protracts the scapula, holding it against the ribcage

innervation of serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve

Deltoid

Deltoid origin

lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion of the spine of the scapula

Deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity on the lateral aspect of the humerus

Deltoid action

anterior fibers= flexion and medial rotation at the shoulder

posterior fibers- extension and lateral rotation at the shoulder

middle fibers- abduction at the shoulder - takes over from supraspinatus which abducts first 15 degrees.

Deltoid innervation 

Axillary nerve 

Supraspinatus 

Supraspinatus origin

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Supraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus actions

abduction of the upper limb at shoulder, performs first 15 degrees of abduction and assists deltoid until 90 degrees

Supraspinatus innervation 

Suprascapular nerve 

Infraspinatus

Infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa of the scapula 

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of the humerus

Infraspinatus actions

Lateral rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder

What three instances might the radius make contact with the humerus?

• lateral force to the elbow

• humerus load, like pushup

• flexed elbow

what position is most likely to cause radial head fracture?

flexed elbow and supinated 

A fall in this position on the arm?

What ligament runs from corocoid process to clavicle 

coricoclavicular ligament 

What ligament runs from the acromion to the clavicle?

Acromioclavicular ligament

What ligament runs from corocoid process to the acromion?

Coricoacromial ligament

What ligament runs from the base of the coracoid process to the humerus 

coracohumeral ligament 

What ligament wraps around the entire glenoid cavity and attaches to the humerus?

glenohumeral ligament

What ligaments make up the shoulder?

• coricoclavicular ligament 

• Acromioclavicular ligament

• Coricoacromial ligament

• coracohumeral ligament 

• glenohumeral ligament

There is a ligament that goes from the clavicle to the humerus.

True

False

False

How many ligaments attach to coracoid process

3

Which ligament assists to support the ball and socket joint?

Glenohumeral ligament 

How many degrees of freedom for Glenohumeral joint?

3

How many degrees of flexion in shoulder

180

How many degrees of extension for shoulder?

60

How many degrees of abduction for shoulder?

180

How many degrees of internal rotation of shoulder?

70

How many degrees of external rotation at the shoulder?

90

Where does upper extremities attach to the body?

sternoclavicular joint

Acromioclavicular joint characteristics

Wedge shaped articualar disc that typically wears away between our 20s and 40s

Acromion process characteristics

• roof over the glenoid fossa and humeral head

• Protects against trauma to the humeral head and superior dislocation

• Common site for spurs, impingement, and pain with overhead activity 

Characteristics of glenoid fossa

• anteroposterior depth 2.5mm

• superoinferior depth is 9mm

• height of 35mm

• width of 25

• pear shaped

• inverted comma

Humerus characteristics 

2nd longest bone

• head - 1.2 of a sphere, convex, part of glenohumeral joint

• Greater tuberosity- supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor 

• Lesser tuberosity- subscap

Labrum

runs along outer edge of glenoid fossa, fibrocartilage, increases shoulder stability, doubles the depth of glenoid fossa, creates a seal for humeral head to attach onto

Bankart lesion

issue where part of glenohumeral ligament pulls on the inferior aspect of labrum and pulls lip of the labrum off

Subacromial bursa 

reduces friction of the muscle on bone

ex: supraspinatus on acromion 

Inferior part of capsule is saggy, why?

allows for flexion and abduction

In abduction, what is the roll and glide of shoulder?

Superior roll, inferior glide.

In flexion what is the roll and glide of the shoulder?

Anterior/superior roll, posterior/inferior glide.

in external rotation, what is the roll and the glide of the shoulder?

External rotation → Posterior roll, anterior glide

how many degrees of abduction does the scapula stay stationary for?

first 30 degrees

if the arm is abducted 30 degrees, how much is the inferior angle of the scapula rotated?

20 degrees laterally