Muscular System Diseases & Disorders

Conditions of Muscle Fibers, Fascia, & Tendons

Conditions of Muscle Fibers, Fascia, & Tendons

Fasciitis, Fibromyalgia, Tendonitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Fasciitis

inflammation of the fascia

Fibromyalgia

chronic condition of fatigue and extreme weakness accompanied with muscle, joint, and bone pain

Tendonitis

inflammation of the tendons, caused by excessive or unusual use or severe stretching

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

disorder that affects many bodily systems; characterized by fatigue, extreme weakness, and pain in muscles, joints, and bone

Muscle Tone Conditions

Atonic, Dystonia, Hypotonia

Muscle tone

state of balance of muscle tension caused by muscle contraction and relaxation; impacts balance, posture, and movement

Atonic

lack of normal muscle tone and strength

Dystonia

abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle functions

Hypotonia

diminishing of skeletal muscles, limiting passive movement

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

caused by overused, inflamed, and swollen tendons that pass through carpal tunnel

Carpal Tunnel

narrow passage through the bone in inner side of the wrist under carpal ligament; nerves and tendons that bend the fingers move through this tunnel

Sports/Activities Injuries

Sprain, Strain, Tendonitis, IT Band Syndrome (ITBS), Shin Splints

Sprain

injury to the joint caused by a wrenching or tearing of the ligament

Strain

injury to a muscle or the attached tendons usually associated with overuse or stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons

IT Band Syndrome (ITBS)

iliotibial band runs from hip bone across the leg to the tibia; caused by overuse when IT band rubs across the bone; often occurs near the knees

Shin Splints

condition where muscle tears away from tibia or shin bone, causing significant pain; caused by repeated stress of hard surfaces (running or jumping)

Muscle Disorders

Atrophy, Myalgia, Myolysis, Polymyositis, Sarcopenia

Atrophy

wearing away of muscle fibers that causes fatigue and weakness; occurs when muscles are not used over a long period of time

Myolysis

refers to degeneration or breakdown of the muscle tissue

Polymyositis

muscle disease when there is inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body; muscles affected are typically those closest to trunk or torso; resulting weakness can be severe

Sarcopenia

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function; due to aging

Muscle Movement Disorders

Ataxia, Contracture, Muscle Spasm, Cramp

Ataxia

lack of coordination of voluntary movement; characterized by unsteady and shaky movement; caused by dysfunction in brain

Constracture

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligament, or skin; occurs when non-elastic fibrous tissues replaces the normal elastic connective tissue

Muscle Spasm

sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

Tic

a spasm that repeats often, usually eyelids or face

Cramp

localized muscle spasm that is painful

Muscular Dystrophy

group of 30+ genetic diseases that causes progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

Types of Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

Duchenne and Becker

Duchenne MD (DMD)

common type of MD in children; affects mainly boys with onset ages between 3-5, progressing rapidly; by age 12, those affected are unable to walk and have breathing difficulties & heart diseases

Becker MD (BMD)

similar to Duchenne, but less severe

Paralysis

loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement; caused by damage to nerves controlled the muscles

Types of Paralysis

Myoparesis, Hemiparesis, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia

Myoparesis

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness; caused by stroke or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

Hemiparesis

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness on one side of the body; caused by stroke or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

Hemiplegia

total paralysis on one side of the body; caused by stroke or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

Paraplegia

complete paralysis of lower park of body and legs; typically caused by damage to spinal cord

Quadriplegia

complete paralysis of upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body; typically caused by spinal cord injury

Repetitive Use/Stress Disorders

muscular conditions that result from repeated motions; symptoms include pain in muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints

Types of Repetitive Use/Stress Disorders

Compartment Syndrome, Overuse Injuries, Overuse tendonitis

Compartment Syndrome

compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within enclosed space created by fascia separating groups of muscles; caused by trauma, tight bandages, tight casts, or repetitive activities that cause compression

Overuse injuries

tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

Overuse tendonitis

inflammation of tendons caused by overuse or unusual use of a joint