Muscular System Diseases & Disorders

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44 Terms

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Conditions of Muscle Fibers, Fascia, & Tendons

Fasciitis, Fibromyalgia, Tendonitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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Fasciitis

inflammation of the fascia

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Fibromyalgia

chronic condition of fatigue and extreme weakness accompanied with muscle, joint, and bone pain

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Tendonitis

inflammation of the tendons, caused by excessive or unusual use or severe stretching

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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

disorder that affects many bodily systems; characterized by fatigue, extreme weakness, and pain in muscles, joints, and bone

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Muscle Tone Conditions

Atonic, Dystonia, Hypotonia

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Muscle tone

state of balance of muscle tension caused by muscle contraction and relaxation; impacts balance, posture, and movement

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Atonic

lack of normal muscle tone and strength

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Dystonia

abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle functions

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Hypotonia

diminishing of skeletal muscles, limiting passive movement

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

caused by overused, inflamed, and swollen tendons that pass through carpal tunnel

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Carpal Tunnel

narrow passage through the bone in inner side of the wrist under carpal ligament; nerves and tendons that bend the fingers move through this tunnel

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Sports/Activities Injuries

Sprain, Strain, Tendonitis, IT Band Syndrome (ITBS), Shin Splints

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Sprain

injury to the joint caused by a wrenching or tearing of the ligament

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Strain

injury to a muscle or the attached tendons usually associated with overuse or stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons

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IT Band Syndrome (ITBS)

iliotibial band runs from hip bone across the leg to the tibia; caused by overuse when IT band rubs across the bone; often occurs near the knees

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Shin Splints

condition where muscle tears away from tibia or shin bone, causing significant pain; caused by repeated stress of hard surfaces (running or jumping)

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Muscle Disorders

Atrophy, Myalgia, Myolysis, Polymyositis, Sarcopenia

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Atrophy

wearing away of muscle fibers that causes fatigue and weakness; occurs when muscles are not used over a long period of time

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Myolysis

refers to degeneration or breakdown of the muscle tissue

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Polymyositis

muscle disease when there is inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body; muscles affected are typically those closest to trunk or torso; resulting weakness can be severe

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Sarcopenia

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function; due to aging

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Muscle Movement Disorders

Ataxia, Contracture, Muscle Spasm, Cramp

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Ataxia

lack of coordination of voluntary movement; characterized by unsteady and shaky movement; caused by dysfunction in brain

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Constracture

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligament, or skin; occurs when non-elastic fibrous tissues replaces the normal elastic connective tissue

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Muscle Spasm

sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

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Tic

a spasm that repeats often, usually eyelids or face

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Cramp

localized muscle spasm that is painful

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Muscular Dystrophy

group of 30+ genetic diseases that causes progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

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Types of Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

Duchenne and Becker

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Duchenne MD (DMD)

common type of MD in children; affects mainly boys with onset ages between 3-5, progressing rapidly; by age 12, those affected are unable to walk and have breathing difficulties & heart diseases

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Becker MD (BMD)

similar to Duchenne, but less severe

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Paralysis

loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement; caused by damage to nerves controlled the muscles

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Types of Paralysis

Myoparesis, Hemiparesis, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia

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Myoparesis

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness; caused by stroke or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

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Hemiparesis

slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness on one side of the body; caused by stroke or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

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Hemiplegia

total paralysis on one side of the body; caused by stroke or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

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Paraplegia

complete paralysis of lower park of body and legs; typically caused by damage to spinal cord

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Quadriplegia

complete paralysis of upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body; typically caused by spinal cord injury

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Repetitive Use/Stress Disorders

muscular conditions that result from repeated motions; symptoms include pain in muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints

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Types of Repetitive Use/Stress Disorders

Compartment Syndrome, Overuse Injuries, Overuse tendonitis

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Compartment Syndrome

compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within enclosed space created by fascia separating groups of muscles; caused by trauma, tight bandages, tight casts, or repetitive activities that cause compression

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Overuse injuries

tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

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Overuse tendonitis

inflammation of tendons caused by overuse or unusual use of a joint