Joint Structure, Function, and Mechanical Forces in Therapeutic Massage

What is a joint (articulation)?

A joint connects parts of a structure and its design depends on its function.

What is the principle of stability before mobility in joint function?

Effective body function relies on the integrated action of many joints, prioritizing stability.

What are the two types of stability in joints?

Form closure/stability (dependent on bone shape and fit) and force closure/stability (action of muscle contraction).

What is collagen and its role in joints?

Collagen is a white fibrous tissue that provides tensile strength similar to steel and has limited mobility.

What are the properties of elastin in connective tissue?

Elastin is a yellow fibrous tissue that has elastic properties, similar to a rubber band.

What is the function of the joint capsule?

The joint capsule seals the joint space and provides passive stability.

What is the composition of ligaments?

Ligaments are composed of 70% to 80% collagen and are avascular, meaning they have no blood flow.

What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

Tendons connect bone to muscle and help stabilize joints, but can limit range of motion.

What are bursae and their function?

Bursae are flat sacs of synovial membrane located where moving structures rub against each other.

What types of cartilage are found in joints?

White fibrocartilage, yellow elastic cartilage, and hyaline cartilage.

What is viscoelasticity in connective tissue?

Viscoelasticity refers to the ability of connective tissue to exhibit both elasticity and viscosity.

What does elasticity refer to in connective tissue?

Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original state after deformation.

What is viscosity in the context of connective tissue?

Viscosity is the resistance to a change of form offered by a fluid.

What happens when connective tissue exceeds its elastic limits?

It enters the plastic range, leading to potential laxity or shortening.

What are external forces in relation to soft tissue?

External forces create loads on soft tissue by pushing or pulling on the body.

What are internal forces in the context of soft tissue?

Internal forces create loads on soft tissue that can shorten, tighten, lengthen, or weaken it.

What are compression forces?

Compression forces occur when two structures are pressed together, which can lead to muscle injury if excessive.

What are tension forces?

Tension forces occur when two ends of a structure are pulled away from each other.

What are the degrees of tensile stress injuries?

First degree (mild), second degree (moderate), and third degree (severe).