Dennis Miller Psych 1000 Final Exam (mizzou)
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80 Terms
What are the three stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) in the correct order?
Alarm-resistance-exhaustion
3 multiple choice options
What does the 'P' in HPA axis stand for?
Pituitary gland
3 multiple choice options
According to the actor/observer bias, how is Dirk likely to explain his failure in the driving exam?
He did not practice driving enough
3 multiple choice options
What did participants in Milgram's research on obedience believe they were doing?
They thought they were shocking someone else, although they really weren't
3 multiple choice options
What term describes the tendencies of individuals to be active or inactive, outgoing or reserved?
Personality
3 multiple choice options
What parenting practice does Tyson's book recommend based on unconditional acceptance?
Unconditional positive regard
3 multiple choice options
What primarily accounts for temperamental differences in humans?
Underlying differences in biological processes
3 multiple choice options
What five traits do psychologists believe account for the largest proportion of personality differences?
Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to new experiences, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness
3 multiple choice options
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, what does libido focus on during development?
Libido focuses on different parts of the body
3 multiple choice options
What term did Freud use to describe psychosexual energy?
Libido
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How would Freud explain excessive eating, drinking, and smoking?
The person has a fixation during the oral stage
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What conflict does Ken experience according to psychodynamic theory?
Conflict between his Id and Superego
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What defense mechanism is illustrated by a student prioritizing helping a roommate over studying?
Rationalization
3 multiple choice options
According to sociometer theory, why is self-esteem important?
It indicates social acceptance and rejection
3 multiple choice options
What did Troy attribute his poor performance at the track meet to?
Upward comparison
3 multiple choice options
What approach does Dr. Driskell use to classify individuals into distinct personality groups?
Trait approach
1 multiple choice option
At which phase of psychosexual development is Kaite likely fixated according to psychodynamic theory?
anal
3 multiple choice options
During which stage does Freud suggest sexual interest is suppressed?
latency period
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What is the process of releasing an emotion and getting it out of one's system called?
Catharsis
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What does the strange-situation test assess in infants?
How infants respond to separation and reunion with their mothers
3 multiple choice options
What concept is demonstrated when Jonah learns to eat yogurt with a spoon instead of his fingers?
Accommodation
3 multiple choice options
How would Piaget test a child's understanding of object permanence?
By observing if the child can reach around a barrier to get an object they no longer see
3 multiple choice options
What is the production of new cells during development called?
Proliferation
3 multiple choice options
What does prosopagnosia refer to a deficit in _____
recognizing faces
3 multiple choice options
Where are olfactory receptors embedded?
Olfactory epithelium
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What type of learning is represented by Ben's increased back pain when stressed?
Sensation
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What does the 'Law of Effect' state according to Thorndike?
Responses that are followed by reinforcement become more probable
3 multiple choice options
What is the best example of positive reinforcement?
When a child makes his bed, he receives a dollar
3 multiple choice options
What did Bandura's study of children's play habits with the 'Bobo' doll demonstrate?
Aggressive behavior can be learned through observation
3 multiple choice options
What type of reinforcement does Jennifer's use of Adderall represent?
Negative reinforcement
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In Pavlov's experiment he paired the presentation of food with a buzzer and measured salivation to each. In this experiment salivation after buzzer (not the food) was the ___
Conditioned response (CR)
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What criteria of psychopathology is assessed when a psychologist asks if behavior is personally distressing?
if the behavior is personally distressing
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What term describes Leen's use of alcohol and drugs to cope with extreme anxiety in social situations?
Comorbidity
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Which kind of psychologist would be most likely to believe that conflict in the unconscious is responsible for psychological disorders? He would most likely follow the principles of Sigmund Freud (e.g., dream analysis and free association) to help someone with a psychological disorder.
Psychoanalyst
3 multiple choice options
Why is depression referred to as 'the common cold of psychological disorders'?
It is the most prevalent psychological disorder, affecting millions of people
3 multiple choice options
According to the learned helplessness model of depression, some people with depression ____
They think they have no control over the outcomes of events they experience
3 multiple choice options
What behavior did Carrie exhibit when she gambled away her life savings in Las Vegas?
A manic episode
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What does the diathesis-stress model of mental disorders suggest?
Certain biological or environmental factors make people vulnerable to mental illness
3 multiple choice options
What type of dissociative disorder involves experiencing two or more distinct identities?
Dissociative identity disorder
3 multiple choice options
What is required for the diagnosis of both bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorder?
At least one major depressive episode
3 multiple choice options
What is the profession of someone who conducts research on the causes of schizophrenia and holds a PhD?
Clinical psychologist
3 multiple choice options
What type of therapy involves a non-judgmental therapist who encourages discussion and reflects back what the client says?
Humanistic therapy
3 multiple choice options
Lisa has a normal response to stress when she is worried about losing her job. Lisa's reaction may become an anxiety disorder if it ____.
Is excessive in the absence of a true threat
2 multiple choice options
John was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. He frequently makes statements that are not logical and contain rhyming words, such as "The train brain rained on me." In this example, John is displaying ____
Disorganized speech
3 multiple choice options
Alan entered therapy because he was becoming very depressed. Alan's psychotherapist suggested that Alan write down his thoughts each day and analyze these thoughts for irrational assumptions and unrealistic expectations that might contribute to his depressive mood. The goal was to identify disordered thoughts that were contributing to maladaptive emotions. This psychotherapist is using a ___ perspective to help Alan.
Cognitive-behavioral
2 multiple choice options
What type of therapy emphasizes understanding and acceptance of feelings?
Humanistic therapy.
What is the role of a psychiatrist?
To diagnose and treat mental disorders, often with medication.
What is a manic episode characterized by?
Elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior.
What is the significance of cultural norms in assessing psychopathology?
Behavior that deviates from cultural norms can indicate psychopathology.
What does the term 'maladaptive' refer to in psychology?
Behaviors that are counterproductive to an individual's well-being.
What does the DSM describe?
Accepted labels and classifications of psychological illnesses
3 multiple choice options
What approach to psychology does Damon believe in when he thinks studying consciousness is impossible?
Behaviorist
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The principle of ____ is the preference of scientists for the theory that makes the fewest unfamiliar or untested assumptions.
Parsimony
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The part of the neuron that receives messages from other cells is called the ____. The part that it sends messages to other cells is called the ____.
Dendrites; axon
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Excitatory (Go!) signals are ___, whereas inhibitory (stop!) signals are ____.
Depolarizing; hyperpolarizing
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If Joshua has impairment in planning and organizing behavior after damage to the cerebral cortex, where is the damage likely located?
Frontal lobe
3 multiple choice options
What do endocrine glands release?
Hormones
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If a rat has a brain lesion causing it to be grossly overweight and unable to stop eating, which part of the forebrain likely has the lesion?
Hypothalamus
3 multiple choice options
What system is responsible for sweating while working outside in the yard?
Autonomic nervous
3 multiple choice options
How do successive REM periods change as the night progresses?
Successive REM periods become longer
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What part of the brain likely involved in Angie's surgery prevents her from naming objects shown in her left visual field?
Corpus callosum
3 multiple choice options
What would you most likely observe in Daniel's brain activity if he is in stage 2 of sleep?
Sleep spindles and k-complexes
3 multiple choice options
What theory of emotions is Charlies' mother applying when she tells him to sit quietly to reduce his anger and blood pressure?
James-Lange theory
How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?
Weight/height^2
3 multiple choice options
Gender idnetity is best understood as being ____ and sexual orientation is best understood as being ____.
On a continuum; on a continuum
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Which type of memory has the greatest capacity?
Long-term memory
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What memory strategy is Fayd using when he relates novels to his own life?
Elaborative rehearsal
1 multiple choice option
What influences Mandy's ability to remember past anger towards her boyfriend?
Context-dependent memory
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After falling off your house, you seem to have lost all memory of the past 3 years of your life. Based on this symptom, the doctor will most likely diagnosis you with ____
Retrograde amnesia
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The type of thinking that uses shortcuts to allow one to make a decision quickly, without considering all of the evidence, is called ____
A heuristic
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What correlation is suggested by the statement about college students and hometown visits?
Positive
2 multiple choice options
What was the independent variable in the green tea and memory study?
The type of drink - green tea, chamomile, or hot water
3 multiple choice options
What is the correct sequence for signal travel through a neuron?
Dendrite → cell body → axon → terminal buttons
3 multiple choice options
Which brain structure is associated with memory formation?
Hippocampus
3 multiple choice options
What would likely be observed in Shantea's body after a big meal?
High leptin
1 multiple choice option
Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ___ motivation. Joe is influenced by ___ motivation.
Extrinsic; intrinsic
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What is a stereotype?
A generalized belief or expectation about a group of people
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What principle explains Casey's rationalization of her junk food consumption?
Cognitive dissonance
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In his practice, Dr. Howard uses the idea that because actions are learned, they can also be unlearned through classical and operant conditioning. Dr. Howard is most likely a ____ therapist.
Behavior
3 multiple choice options
Which factor would most likely decrease the risk of developing major depressive disorder?
Attributing positive events in your life to your own hard work
3 multiple choice options