World History Semester 1 Final Study Guide (Questions)

Scientific Revolution

Period of major scientific advancements in Europe.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism.

Absolute Rule

Monarchical authority unrestricted by laws or opposition.

King Louis XIV

French monarch known for absolute monarchy practices.

Enlightenment Thinkers

Philosophers advocating for reason, liberty, and progress.

Radical Beliefs

Ideas challenging traditional authority and societal norms.

Enlightenment Ideas

Concepts influencing modern democracy and human rights.

Atlantic Revolutions

Series of uprisings in the Americas and Europe.

Agricultural Revolution

Transformation in farming techniques and practices.

Sea Coal

Fossil fuel differing from traditional wood fuel.

James Watt

Inventor who improved steam engine efficiency.

Industrial Revolution

Shift to mechanized production and urbanization.

Working Class

Laborers in factories with lower socioeconomic status.

Middle Class

Social class with moderate income and education.

Factory Conditions

Challenging work environment with long hours and hazards.

Women's Rights Efforts

Movements advocating for gender equality and suffrage.

Capitalism

Economic system based on private ownership and free markets.

Socialism

Economic system advocating for collective or governmental ownership.

Communism

Political ideology aiming for classless society and communal ownership.

Imperialism Motivations

Desire for expansion, resources, and geopolitical power.