vocab 3 history

jacksonian democracy

an era where there was a focus on American nationalism and improvement of the way of life for the "common man"

universal suffrage

voting rights for all white males, not just land owners

nullification crisis

incident in 1832 when South Carolina threatened to leave the union if they were forced to pay the high tariffs on British goods

state's rights

powers that are not specifically stated in the Constitution and that are left to the states

indian removal act

act passed by congress in 1830 that forced American Indians to move west

industrial revolution

movement that introduced mass production of goods which resulted in a significant economic change in the U.S.

eli whitney

great inventor of the cotton gin during the industrial revolution

second great awakening

religious revival that began in the late 18th century that impacted the growth of social reform movements

social reform

a series of movements in the 19th century that focused on improving the lives of minority groups and expanding their rights.

temperance movement

movement to end the production and

consumption of alcohol

public education movement

movement led by horace mann that

pushed for state sponsored schools for children

women's rights reform

movement led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton to help gain female suffrage in the U.S.

abolition

movement to end slavery

slave rebellion

resistance to the institution of servitude that became more intensified with the growth of the abolition movement

westward expansion

desire to add territory to the U.S. that

created controversy over the addition of slave and free states

manifest destiny

the belief that God intended for the U.S. to expand to the Pacific Ocean

sectionalism

the placing of the interests of ones' own state or region ahead of the interests of the nation

missouri compromise

agreement in 1820 that maintained the

balance of free and slave states by the 36/30 latitudinal line

james k. polk

president who pushed for the War with Mexico and was a supporter of slavery

texas-annexation

republic that its independence in 1836 and was eventually added to the U.S. as a slave state in 1845

mexican-american war

conflict from 1846-1848 that resulted in the U.S. gaining California, New Mexico, and Utah

oregon territory

Disputed northwestern territory gained by the U.S. in 1846 after signing a treaty with Britain

popular sovereignty

a system in which the residents of a state vote to decide an issue

compromise of 1850

series of congressional measures intended to settle the major disagreements between the free states and the slave states

kansas-nebraska act

a law enacted in 1854 that established two new territories and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery

dred scott v. sanford

supreme court case in 1857 that decided that slaves are not citizens and therefore are unable to bring lawsuits through the American court system

john brown's raid

uprising in 1859 led by a white abolitionist who stole weapons from an arsenal in hopes of starting a slave rebellion

election of 1860

highly contested victory for Abraham Lincoln that led to southern secession

secession

the process of formally withdrawing from the US

american civil war

conflict between 1861-1865 that divided the US over the issues of states' rights and the expansion of slavery