Psychological Disorders Overview

These flashcards cover the definitions, categories, and symptoms of psychological disorders as outlined in the lecture notes.

What is the definition of a mental disorder?

A syndrome of clinically significant disturbances of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

What are the 'D’s of Diagnosis in mental disorders?

Dysfunctional, Distressing, Deviant, Dangerous, and Duration.

What are positive symptoms in the context of psychological disorders?

Excesses or exaggerations compared to reality, such as impulsivity, hallucinations, and delusions.

What type of symptoms are characterized by absences or deficiencies in behavior?

Negative symptoms, which include catatonic behavior and flat affect.

What defines Neurodevelopmental Disorders?

Disorders prominent in childhood, including learning and intellectual disabilities, manifesting early in development.

What are the main symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Characterize Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Severe language and social impairment, repetitive habits, and inward-focused behaviors.

What are the main characteristics of psychotic disorders?

Inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions, including delusions and hallucinations.

What is the key feature of Delusional Disorder?

Presence of delusions of various types for 1 month or longer.

What distinguishes Bipolar I disorder from Bipolar II disorder?

Bipolar I includes severe manic episodes whereas Bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes and must include a major depressive episode.

Describe the traits of personality disorders. How many clusters exist?

Maladaptive and inflexible behavior patterns; three clusters: odd-eccentric, dramatic-emotional, anxious-fearful.

List symptoms associated with the Dramatic-Emotional cluster of personality disorders.

Histrionic behaviors, impulsivity, grandiose self-image, and antisocial behaviors.

What defines Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Characterized by obsessive, repetitive thoughts that drive compulsive behaviors.

What is a key characteristic of anxiety disorders?

Abnormal, maladaptive, and/or distressing levels of anxiety and arousal.

What are the symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder?

Pervasive low mood, lack of motivation, feelings of worthlessness, and changes in weight or sleep.