Pedigree/Biotechnology

Unit 5: Section 4 & 5

The entire collection of genes within human cells is referred to as the ______.

Human Genome

In gel electrophoresis, the largest DNA fragments will appear.

Closest to the wells.

If a linear piece of DNA contains 3 recognition sites for a restriction enzyme. How many pieces will be produced when the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA?

4

During gel electrophoresis, the _______ pieces of DNA move farthest down the gel.

Smallest

What type of job could a person who studies biotechnology in college have?

Create new medicines and vaccines.

Which is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gel electrophoresis?

It allows the strands of DNA to be cut into various lengths for testing.

What concerns are there regarding planting genetically modified plants?

1. GMO crops may cross-pollinate with non-GMO crops.

2. Not growing older varieties can reduce the genetic variation of the population.

3. Proteins from the introduced genes in the plants may cause allergic reactions.

Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis travel through the gel?

DNA is negatively charged so it is attracted to the positive electrode.

Assuming a trait is AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, what genotypes could make a person AFFECTED?

AA & Aa.

Which of the following best describes a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

An organism whose genome/DNA has been altered.

This is the practice of inserting the DNA of another species into an organism's DNA so that the organism gains a new trait.

Genetic Engineering

Why is Dolly the sheep considered a clone?

The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult donor.

Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk contains proteins that can be used as medicines. This effect was produced by...

Cutting the desired genes out of the native organism and inserting those genes into goat zygote DNA.

Scientists have produced a genetically modified orange tree that is resistant to disease. Which of the following is the best example of a potential benefit to society that could result from this biotechnology?

Increase in orange crops produced.

This is the practice of cutting DNA and separating it by the size of the pieces.

Gel Electrophoresis

A human male will normally transmit the genes on his X chromosome to.

His daughters

What kind of inheritance is colorblindness if females can be carriers?

X-linked recessive trait.

Assuming a trait is AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, what genotype would make a person AFFECTED?

aa

Assuming a trait is X-LINKED RECESSIVE, what are the genotypes of an AFFECTED person?

XaY & XaXa.

This is the practice of choosing individuals of a species to reproduce based on their desirable characteristics.

Selective breeding

Uses biological knowledge to create products and processes that help humanity.

Biotechnology

The process of producing genetically identical organisms.

Cloning

Charts created to trace inheritance of a trait (or traits) over generations.

Pedigree

The three types of inheretance through pedigrees.

Autosomal Inheretance, X-Linked, and Y- Linked Inheretance.

The types of inheretance

Autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, x-linked recessive, x-linked dominant, and y-linked inheretance.