Alkenes, Electrophilic addition, Addition Polymerisation.

What is an electrophile

• A particle that is attracted to negative particles, thus positive itself.

• positively charged ion

What happens in an electrophilic reaction?

why do they happen?

• The double bond opens up and atoms are added to the carbons.

• Double bonds within the carbon bonds have a high electron density, and so they are attracted to this.

carbocation intermediate

a positively charged carbon in the middle of a reaction.

conditions for electrophilic addition

• electrophile

• alkene

• solvent

• temperature

Are polymers saturated or unsaturated

saturated

Why are addition polymers very unreactive

no more polar bonds

what are the properties of chloroethane/ PVC.

• contain dipole-dipole forces making hard but brittle.

are intermolecular forces between polymers stronger or weaker than alkanes?

how does this affect the properties of an alkane?

• weaker

• longer chains with fewer branches have stronger intermolecular forces, making these polymer material strong and rigid.

plasticisers

What plasticised PVC can be used for

chemicals that make polymers for flexible

Making cable wires.

How do plasticisers work

The plasticiser molecules get between the polymer chains, pushing them apart.