Christianity Exam 3

What is the difference between the Pauline Letters and the General Epistles

-The Pauline Letters are by Paul and mostly personal or directed to specific groups.

-The General Epistles are by other writers and meant for all Christians in general.

How many letters in the NT are attributed to Paul?

13

Name the letters attributed to Paul that most scholars dispute

Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, 1-2 Timothy, Titus

What do we know about Paul's background

Hellenistic, Pharisees, Roman Citizen

What is an "occasional" letter

A letter written to address specific circumstances, problems, or questions (Most NT letters)

What is the only authentic letter of Paul written to a church that he did not found

Romans

What is the earliest letter written by Paul

1 Thessalonians

What are the two major concerns of the letter to the Thessalonians

Eschatology and persecution

When was Thessalonians written

50CE

What is the Parousia

Greek term meaning "presence" or "arrival", used in NT theology for the Second Coming of Christ.

What did Paul seem to believe concerning when the Parousia would take place

It to occur soon / imminently, often within the lifetime of his readers

When Paul writes about the believers in Thessalonica who have died

They have "fallen asleep"

How did the churches of Galatia misunderstand their freedom in Christ

They accepted teaching that Gentile believers must adopt Jewish law practices to be fully righteous

How did the church in Corinth misunderstand its freedom in Christ

Many in Corinth treated Christian freedom as a license to sin

T/F: The letter to the Galatians is the only letter of Paul that does not contain a thanksgiving.

True

What event is described in both Acts 15 and Galatians 2

The Jerusalem Council

What was the purpose/decision of the Jerusalem Conference

To decide whether Gentile converts must observe circumcision and the Mosaic Law

According to Paul's letter to the Galatians, how are the Galatians denying the cross of Christ by resubmitting to the Jewish Law

By seeking justification through works of the Law they imply Christ's death and justification by faith are insufficient

Who/What are the Judaizers?

Jewish Christians who believed that you must follow the Jewish law to be saved

In Galatians, Paul argues that we are free from the law and he uses an example from the Old Testament. What is that example

Abraham and an allegory of Hagar and Sarah

Why does Paul believe he can use the title "apostle"

He was called by Christ

Why was Corinth such an important city in the Roman Empire

It was a major commercial, strategic, and cultural crossroads

Corinth was known for being both a very _______________________ city and a very ______________ city.

Wealthy and immoral

What were the problems in the church at Corinth?

Divisions/factions, Lawsuits among believers, Abuses of the Lord's Supper, Eating food sacrificed to idols, Sexual immorality, and Confusion about the resurrection.

The Corinthians had a _____________ understanding of the rituals of the faith that came from their________________ backgrounds.

Misunderstood, Pagan

T/F Greco-Roman philosophy believed in the idea that the body and soul were separate in some way

True

Did Paul support the Greco-Roman understanding of the body and soul?

No

What is antinomianism

Belief that Christians are not bound by moral laws

T/F Much of the letter of I Corinthians reads like a laundry list of problems the church was having

True

T/F There were divisions among the members of the church at Corinth

True

In 1 Corinthians 7, Paul tells the church to be content with whatever circumstances they find themselves in, including the slaves. What belief do we believe stands behind this belief

The imminent return of Christ

Concerning spiritual gifts, Paul says that all gifts come from the ______ __________ and are sent for the ___________ _____________

Holy Spirit, Common good

T/F According to Paul if someone speaks in tongues there must be someone to translate

True

What image does Paul use to talk about how the spiritual gifts should work together

The body

Why does Paul condemn the behavior of the church members in Corinth for the way in which they are celebrating the Lord's Supper

They were eating and drinking excessively while the poor went hungry

T/F The members of the church at Corinth appear to have been claiming some were better than others depending on what kind of spiritual gift they had.

True

Who is Philemon

Christian leader, recipient of Paul's letter, and master of Onesimus

Who is Onesimus

Philemon's runaway slave who met Paul and became a Christian

What is the meaning of the name Onesimus

Useful

What is Paul asking Philemon to do in the letter

To forgive and welcome Onesimus back, not as a slave but as a brother in Christ

Why does Paul send Onesimus back to Philemon even though it might have been dangerous for Onesimus

If Philemon forgives Onesimus then he can be a true follower

What are the General Epistles

Letters written to a broad audience of Christians, not to a specific church or person (Gospel, 1-3 John, and Revelation)

Which 5 books in the New Testament are attributed to John the disciple

The Gospel of John, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation

What heresy was the letter of I John addressing

The wrong belief (Jesus was not truly human)

What is orthodoxy

Standard belief

What is Heresy

The wrong belief (goes against Christian doctrine)

What is Docetism +

Jesus only seemed to be human

What is Ebionism Jesus was only human and not divine

Jesus was only human and not divine

T/F Docetism and Ebionism were both rejected as heresies

True -Both Jesus really is fully God and fully human

What were the two basic rituals of the early church

Baptism and Communion

The leader of the churches within a city are called

Bishops

_________________ was the scripture used by the early church

Septuagint

T/F When Christianity separated from Judaism it was a legal religion in the Roman Empire

False

Christian worship is based on ______________________________ worship

Synagogue and Temple

An apologist is a theologian who writes a ______________ of the Christian faith.

Defense

What historical event of the 1st century CE was fundamental in the making of modern Judaism and when did it take place?

The destruction of the Jerusalem Temple, 70CE

What were the three main responses of the Roman Empire to Christianity

Persecution, Tolerance, Acceptance

Which, with some major exceptions, the standard response of the Roman authorities to Christianity

Tolerance

What did Nero blame the Christians for doing?

The Great Fire of Rome

What year did Rome burn

64CE

While Nero's persecution was limited to ___________, Domitian's persecution was __________-wide.

The City of Rome, Empire

Domitian's persecution was so widespread because he wanted to be

Worshiped as a god

Some scholars believe that the biblical book of _____________________ is connected to the reign of Nero and/or Domitian

Revelation

he most severe persecution of Christians occurred during the reign of _______

Diocletian

What is Roman Civil Religion

The worshiping of the emperor and traditional roman gods

Why did Diocletian persecute the Christians

He believed they threatened the loyalty to the empire

What were the three general requirements for a book to be included in the New Testament canon

1- written by an apostle

2- orthodox teachings

2- widespread use

What is a Creed

To believe

What does gnosis mean

Knowledge

T/F The goal of Gnosticism is to free our spirits from the physical world

True

Marcion rejected the ____________ __________________ because it talked about the god of the physical creation

Old Testament

Gnosticism believes in

Sharp Dualism between the Spiritual and the Physical (Spiritual =good and Physical= evil)

Between 300 and 350 CE, the church grew from ___% - ___% of the population of the Roman Empire

5, 50

Which emperor, after receiving a vision of a flaming cross, requires his soldiers to wear a cross into battle

Constantine

The Battle of _____________ _____________ occurred in the year _____________

Milvian Bridge, 312 CE

Constantine set up a second capital of the Roman Empire in the east called______

Constantinople

The Edict of ______________, made Christianity a legal religion in the Roman Empire, in the year __________________.

Milan, 313CE

Who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

Theodosius 1

Who made Christianity a legal religion within the Roman Empire

Constantine

The development of ______________ occurred as a response against Imperial support of the church

Monasticism

Monk means ______________

Alone/solitary

The earliest form of monasticism is known as __________________________

Eremitic (living as a hermit)

The second stage of monasticism is known as __________________

Cenobitic (a community of monks)

We see the development of the first monasteries around

320CE

What are the three vows of monasticism

Poverty, Celibacy, Obedience

In _____________, the Council of Nicaea was called to address the ________________ controversy

325CE, Arian

_________ called the Council of Nicaea

Constantine

Augustine is also known as the ________________

Father of Western Church

Augustine's search for spiritual truth was motivated by his sense of

personal Sinfulness

Augustine uses the story of the pear tree as an illustration of his idea of

The Original Sin

T/F Augustine was born of a pagan father and a Christian mother

True

T/F Augustine became a Christian as a child

False

Augustine is famous for writing _______________ and ____________________.

Confessions and The City of God

Jerome is famous for translating the Bible into ___________

Latin

What is the name of translating the bible into latin

Vulgate

The fall of Rome happened

476 CE

Fall of Constantinople happened

1453CE

After the fall of Rome, the Bishop of Rome became known as the ________________

Pope

The two halves of the church officially split in the year ___________

1054 CE

After the split, the Eastern Church became known as the _______________and the western church became known as the __________ ___________

Eastern Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church