Grade 7 Social Studies - Semester 2

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the grade 7 Omani social studies curriculum, including geography, history, and civic systems.

Weather

The state of the atmosphere in a specific place during a short period of time throughout the day.

Climate

The prevailing state of the atmosphere in a specific place over a long period of time that may extend for years.

Barometer

A device used to measure atmospheric pressure in units called millibars ($mb$).

Anemometer

A device used to measure wind speed in units called knots.

Wind Vane

A device used to determine the direction of the wind.

Rain Gauge

A device used to measure the amount of rainfall in units of millimeters ($mm$).

Latitude

A factor where temperatures rise near the Equator and decrease when moving toward the poles.

Atmospheric Pressure

The weight of a column of air over a specific point on the Earth's surface.

Wind

The horizontal movement of air from one place to another on the Earth's surface, moving from high pressure to low pressure areas.

Humidity

The amount of water vapor suspended in the air resulting from the heating of water bodies by solar radiation.

Precipitation

Water vapor that condenses and falls to the Earth's surface in various forms such as rain or snow.

Khareef

A local name for the summer monsoon season in Dhofar governorate, characterized by fog and rain.

Net Zero Carbon

The process of reducing carbon emissions in a specific period to a level equivalent to zero.

Crust

The outermost layer of the Earth.

Mantle

The layer of the Earth extending from $70\,km$ to $2900\,km$ with a thickness of approximately $2830\,km$.

Internal Processes

Forces originating from within the Earth that raise or lower parts of the crust, such as tectonic movements, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

Folding

The bending of soft rock layers caused by the meeting of tectonic plates, forming convex or concave folds like Al Hajar mountains.

Faulting

The breaking of highly solid rock layers due to tension or pressure, such as the site of Shaat on Jebel Al Qamar.

Seismograph

A device used to monitor and record earthquakes.

Richter Scale

The scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake.

Magma

Molten rock (chara) found in the high-heat depths of the Earth's interior.

Lava

Magma that has erupted and flowed onto the Earth's surface, often accompanied by ash and gases.

Weathering

The process of breaking down and weakening rocks over time due to natural factors without moving them to another location.

Mechanical Weathering

The physical fragmentation of rocks without changing their mineral composition, caused by factors like temperature and water.

Chemical Weathering

Reaction of minerals in rocks with atmospheric gases and water, resulting in changes to the rock's internal composition, such as oxidation.

Erosion

Natural factors (wind, water, ice) that carve, transport, and deposit rock fragments to create new landforms.

Second Abbasid Era

A period from $232-656\,AH$ known as the era of weakness and division, though it saw economic and cultural prosperity.

Battle of Hattin

A major battle led by Saladin Al-Ayyubi to liberate the city of Jerusalem.

Mongol Invasion

A danger from Central Asia led by Hulagu that destroyed Baghdad in $656\,AH$, ending the Abbasid State.

Battle of Ain Jalut

The battle where Muslims successfully stopped the Mongol advance.

Imam Al-Salt bin Malik

An Omani leader during whose reign Socotra was liberated from the Byzantines.

Imam Rashid bin Saeed Al-Yahmadi

An Imam who expelled the Buyids from Oman and whose era was characterized by stability and security.

Nabahina State

A dynasty that ruled parts of Oman from the mid-$6th$ to the mid-$10th$ century AH, divided into two periods.

Al-Dharah School

A famous educational school in Bahla established by Imam Baraka bint Hamad Al-Salimi.

Basic Statute of the State

A written official document containing seven chapters that explains the general framework of the state and its system of rule.

Executive Authority

The branch of government consisting of the Council of Ministers, ministries, and specialized bodies that implement laws and policies.

Oman Council

The legislative body consisting of the State Council (members appointed by Royal Decree) and the Shura Council (members elected by citizens).

Supreme Judicial Council

The highest judicial authority in Oman, headed by His Majesty the Sultan, which supervises the affairs of the judiciary.