A&P respiratory powerpoint

lung collapse due to

– Plugged bronchioles, which cause collapse of alveoli is called

atelectasis

The pressure in the alveoli is known as _______.

a) intrapulmonary pressure

b) intrapleural pressure

c) transpulmonary pressure

d) atmospheric pressure

a

______ is caused by a transpulmonary pressure of zero

or greater.

a) A pneumothorax

b) Inspiration

c) Apnea

d) Hyperpnea

a

Air moves into the lungs during inspiration due to the

force of _______.

a) the diaphragm

b) the abdominal muscles

c) atmospheric pressure

d) the external intercostal muscles

c

body’s detergent-like lipid and protein complex that helps reduce

surface tension of alveolar fluid

surfactant

Insufficient quantity of surfactant in premature infants causes

infant respiratory distress syndrome

measure of change in lung volume that occurs with given

change in transpulmonary pressure

lung compliance

During an asthma attack, bronchioles become severely

_______. Taking epinephrine causes them to _______.

a) constricted; dilate

b) dilated; constrict

c) mucus-filled; empty of mucus

d) both a and c

a

Infant respiratory distress syndrome occurs because

premature infants lack the ability to produce _______,

which _______.

a) mucus; traps bacteria

b) cilia; clear mucus from the trachea

c) surfactant; lowers surface tension

d) alveoli; causes them to become hypoxic

c

air that remains in passageways

anatomical dead space

space occupied by nonfunctional alveoli; be due to collapse or obstruction

alveolar dead space

increased airway resistance (example:

bronchitis)

obstructive pulmonary disease

total amount of gas that flows into or out of respiratory tract in 1

minute

minute ventilation

low of gases into and out of alveoli during a particular

time

alveolar ventilation

The typical volume of air involved in alveolar ventilation

is _______ ml.

a) 150

b) 350

c) 500

d) 4800

d

Which of the following is true?

a) Chronic bronchitis is a restrictive disease.

b) Tuberculosis is an obstructive pulmonary disease.

c) TLC increases for restrictive diseases.

d) RV increases with obstructive diseases

d

Even the most forceful exhalation leaves air in the lungs;

this is called the ______ and is needed to _______.

a) tidal volume; acquire adequate O2

b) vital capacity; remove adequate CO2

c) functional residual capacity; keep alveoli patent

d) residual volume; keep alveoli patent

d

A female has a resting tidal volume of 400 mL, respiratory

rate of 13 breaths/min, and dead space of 125 mL. When

she exercises, which would be most efficient for increasing

oxygen delivery to her working skeletal muscle?

a. increase respiratory rate to 20 breaths/min, but no

change in tidal volume

b. increase tidal volume to 550 mL, but no change in

respiratory rate

c. increase tidal volume to 500 mL and respiratory rate to

15 breaths/min

c

diffusion of gases between blood and lungs

external respiration

diffusion of gases between blood and tissues

internal respiration

Two gases contribute to 99% of the total atmospheric

pressure. They are ______.

a) CO2 and O2

b) N2 and O2

c) CO2 and H2O vapor

d) N2 and CO2

b

The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is

proportional to its percentage. This is _______.

a) Dalton’s law of partial pressures

b) Boyle’s law of partial pressures

c) Henry’s law of gas percentages

d) the law of gas proportionality

a

bicarbonate ions move out of RBCs and chloride ions move into RBCs is called

chloride shift

inadequate O2 delivery to tissues

hypoxia

impaired or blocked blood circulatin

ischemic hypoxia

cells unable to use O2, as in metabolic poisons

hypoxemic hypoxia

normal respiratory rate

and rhythm (12–15 breaths/minute)

eupnea

chemoreceptors located throughout brain stem

central

chemoreceptors found in aortic arch and carotid arteries

peripheral

this is called when blood PCO2 levels rise , CO2 accumulates in brain and joins with water to become carbonic acid

hypercapnia

breathing cessation that may occur when PCO2 levels drop

abnormally low

apnea

controls that act through limbic system to modify rate and depth of

respiratio

hypothalamic

controlls that direct signals from cerebral motor cortex that bypass medullary

controls

cortical

originates in peripheral lung areas; develops

from bronchial glands and alveolar cells

adenocarcinoma

contains lymphocyte-like cells that

originate in primary bronchi and subsequently metastasize

small cell carcinoma

Hemoglobin molecules are fully saturated when bound to

_______ molecule(s) of O2.

a) one

b) two

c) three

d) four

d

Why is it possible to deliver more O2 to vigorously

working cells without increasing respiration rate or

cardiac output?

a) It isn’t: a small decrease in PO2 has very little effect on

hemoglobin unloading.

b) Because once one molecule of O2 is bound to

hemoglobin, the other molecules bind much more rapidly.

c) Because between a PO2 of zero and a PO2 of 40,

hemoglobin saturation changes very rapidly and a greater

degree of unloading will occur with even small changes in

PO2.

d) Because CO2 released from the vigorously working cells

enhances O2 binding to hemoglobin.

c

Red blood cells contain the enzyme _______, which

catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid.

a) carbonic anhydrase

b) carbon dioxide acidase

c) oxidase

d) catalase

a

The _______ is responsible for setting the basic rhythm

of breathing.

a) VRG

b) DRG

c) pontine respiratory group

d) pons

a

_______ is the most potent chemical influencing

respiration.

a) O2

b) N

c) H2O

d) CO2

d

_______ is produced by the _______ in response to low

blood oxygen levels.

a) Growth hormone; pituitary gland

b) Hematopoietin; bone marrow

c) Erythropoietin; kidneys

d) Hematopoietin; lungs

c

Loss of lung elasticity and destruction of alveolar walls is

termed:

a) Asthma

b) Emphysema

c) Chronic bronchitis

d) Dyspnea

b

inflammation of the vocal folds that causes the vocal folds to swell,

interfering with vibrations

laryngitis