Chapter 21: Lymphatic System

lymphatic system

What organ system has the following functions:

• the network of vessels through which lymph drains from the tissues into the blood

• maintaining internal fluid balance

• immunity

immune system

What organ system has the following function:

• the cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body

venous system

What system do lymphatic vessels drain into?

parallel

Lymph vessels are (antiparallel/parallel) to veins

open

The circulatory system, arteries, and veins form a(n) _________ ring

closed

Unlike the circulatory system, arteries, and veins lymph vessels form a(n) _________ ring

primary lymphoid tissue

Which lymphoid tissue includes bone marrow and thymus?

red bone marrow

What is the site of B lymphocyte maturation?

thymus

What is the site of T lymphocyte maturation?

primary lymphoid tissue

Which lymphoid tissue is the site of B and T lymphocyte MATURATION?

secondary lymphoid tissue

Which lymphoid tissue includes lymph nodes, the spleen, the appendix, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

What is the term for "pockets" of lymphoid tissues closely associated with mucus membranes

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

The tonsils and Peyer's patches (lymphoid tissues within the small intestine) are examples of:

secondary lymphoid tissue

Which lymphoid tissue is the site of B and T lymphocyte ACTIVATION?

blood plasma > lymph fluid > interstitial fluid

What is the order of the number of proteins between plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph from greatest to least?

interstitial fluid < lymph fluid < blood plasma

What is the order of the number of proteins between plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph from least to greatest?

interstitial fluid

What is the fluid environment around tissue cells?

interstitial fluid

What are the spaces that gain fluid during capillary filtration?

lymph fluid

What is the fluid from the blood that moves into the lymph vessels?

blood plasma

What is the liquid portion of blood? This has the greatest amount of proteins between lymph and interstitial fluid

lymphatic trunks

What is the term for large lymphatic vessels that drain lymph from different parts of the body?

surgical emergency

Laceration of a main lymphatic trunk is a...

lymph doesn't clot, and plasma proteins are lost from circulation

Why is the laceration of a main lymphatic trunk is a surgical emergency?

lymphatic capillaries

Label the lymphatic vessel:

• has blind ends (don't form closed ring/loop)

• made of simple squamous epithelial cells (endothelium)

• form clefts

• one way valve

• anchoring fiber

• form networks

• merge into larger trunks

lymphatic capillaries

What gets merged to form right lymphatic ducts?

right lymphatic duct

Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from right side of head, the right upper extremity & right thorax?

right lymphatic duct

Which lymphatic vessel empties into the right subclavian vein

right lymphatic duct

What is formed from the merging of lymphatic capillaries?

thoracic duct

What is formed from the merging of the right lymphatic ducts?

thoracic duct

Which lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the rest of the body?

thoracic duct

Which lymphatic vessel empties into the left subclavian vein?

cisterna chyle

Where does the thoracic duct originate from?

lymph node

What are the principal secondary lymphoid organs of body?

filtration and immune system activation

What are the functions of lymph nodes?

physical filtration

What is the function of the mechanical filtration of lymph nodes?

phagocytosis

What is the function of the biological filtration of lymph nodes?

the site of lymphocyte activation and monocyte maturation

What is the function of the hematopoiesis of lymph nodes?

afferent

Lymph nodes have several ______ vessels entering it.

efferent

Lymph nodes have a fewer number of ______ vessels leaving.

capsule

What is the fibrous covering of the lymph node consisting of trabeculae

cortex

What is the superficial region of the lymph node?

germinal center

What is the most superficial part of the cortex, which is where B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells?

mantle

What is the deeper layer of the cortex, which is where T-cells and macrophages reside

medulla

What is the center of the lymph node with fibers running through it?

macrophages

What is mostly found in the sinuses from the medullary cords?

hilum

What is the place of the lymph node where the vein and artery enter and exit the lymph node?

lymphokinesis

What is the movement of lymph through the body?

palatine tonsils

What tonsils are located on each side of the throat?

pharyngeal tonsils

Which tonsils are also known as the adenoids, located near the pharynx?

lingual tonsils

What tonsils are located behind the base of the tongue?

tubal tonsils

What tonsils are located near the auditory tubes

thymus

What is the primary lymphatic organ located in the mediastinum?

• consists of 2 pyramidal lobes with connecting septa

• lobe is made of lobules

• has dense cortex and inner medulla

• decreases with age

3 and 4

What contain T-lymphocytes in the thymus?

1. mediastinun

2. lobules

3. cortex

4. medulla

involution

What is the term for the thymus decreasing in size?

thymus

What is the final site of lymphocyte development/maturation?

thymosin

What hormone is secreted by the thymus?

thymocytes

What cell stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system?

spleen

What is the secondary lymphoid organ located below the diaphragm?

• oval shape

• atrophies with age but still functions

• has red pulp and white pulp

red pulp

What pulp is formed from RBCs and reticular fibers, which form blood-filled sinusoids (leaky capillary)

white pulp

What pulp is formed by activating T and B lymphocytes?

defense, hematopoiesis, RBC & platelet destruction, blood reservoir

What are the functions of the spleen?