Texas History and Science Review Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary and concepts from Texas History and Science lecture notes.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican-American War; established the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico, and led to the Mexican Cession."

Freedmen's Bureau

Created to help former slaves with food, jobs, and education after the Civil War.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863; Declared that all slaves residing in rebelling states are free.

Ku Klux Klan

Formed to stop freed slaves from exercising their rights after the Civil War.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to formerly enslaved people.

15th Amendment

Guaranteed African American men the right to vote.

Buffalo Soldiers

African American troops stationed in West Texas in the late 1800s.

Quanah Parker

A Comanche chief considered the most influential Comanche leader of all time.

Barbed Wire

Ended the open range by allowing ranchers to fence off their land and cattle.

Chisholm Trail

The first of the Great Cattle Trails in Texas.

James Hogg

Served as the attorney general of Texas and was later elected as governor; He wrote the state’s first antitrust law and established the Texas Railroad Commission.

Texas Railroad Commission

Established by James Hogg to oversee and regulate the railroads.

Grange

An organization that was meant to help farmers that were struggling.

Farmers’ Alliance

An organization that petitioned the state government to pass reform laws to help farmers.

Populist Party

A political party formed to pass legislation to help farmers.

Zimmerman Telegram

Sent from Germany to Mexico during World War I, proposing an alliance against the U.S.

Oveta Culp Hobby

The founder and commander of the Women’s Air Corps.

Audie Murphy

The most highly decorated American in World War II.

Holocaust

When Hitler had millions of Jews imprisoned and killed during World War II.

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

Popular Sovereignty

The government’s right to rule comes from the people

Limited Government

The government only has the power the constitution gives to it

Separation of Powers

The constitution divides the government into three branches

Checks and Balances

Each branch of government has the power to limit the actions of the other two

Federalism

A way of governing where powers are shared between the federal and state governments

Republicanism

People get to vote for representatives

Individual Rights

Rights that guarantee personal freedoms

The Mexican Cession

Acquired by the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.

1836

Texas became an independent republic

1845

Texas was annexed by the United States

1861

Beginning of the Civil War (Texas secedes and joins the Confederacy)

1876

Texas adopts its current state constitution

1901

Oil was discovered at Spindletop, beginning a major oil boom

Sam Houston’s roles in Texas

Houston was the Commander of the Texas military, President of the Republic of Texas, U.S. Senator, and Governor.

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny is the belief that the U.S. had the right to settle North America from coast to coast. Many Americans wanted to seize lands belonging to Mexico in order to extend the United States to the Pacific Ocean.

Why did the United States reject the 1844 annexation treaty?

The Senate rejected the treaty because Texas allowed slavery.