AP World Unit 9 Vocab

acculturation

acculturation

Assimilation to a different culture.

acid rain

Any form of precipitation with acidic components.

AIDS

The late stage of an HIV infection.

Alzheimer’s

A type of progressive dementia where the brain “dissolves” losing functions and memories over time.

artificial heart

A pump placed in the heart to replace damaged heart ventricles and valves (the first one was used in the early 1980’s).

ASEAN

(Association of South East Asian Nations) a political and economic union of ten member states of Southeast Asia established during the Cold War (1967) in order to accelerate cultural and economic growth.

assimilation

The process of taking in or understanding something (commonly used in the context of cultural assimilation, where a minority group or culture comes to conform with the majority either fully or partially).

Betty Friedan

American feminist writer and activist, publishing the book The Feminine Mystique in 1963 (during the Cold War) and being considered a leading figure in the women’s movement in the United States.

Biafra

A secessionist state in West Africa that lasted from 1967 to 1970, formally known as the Republic of . . . and declaring independence from Nigeria.

Bob Marley

A Jamaican singer, songwriter, and musician considered to be the pioneer of reggae. a

Bollywood

Hindi cinema based in Mumbai, India, that began in the 1930s (right before the Cold War) and has since grown.

Brownfield

Land that is underused due to pollution or industrial use.

Chernobyl

A nuclear disaster that occurred in the north of Ukrainian Soviet Union (1986) near the end of the Cold War.

Cholera

Caused by an infection of bacteria in the intestines, it is a diarrheal disease that is often mild but can be life-threatening.

Civil Rights Act

(1964) Enacted during the Cold War, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Clear Cutting

Deforestation where all or most of the trees are removed from a specific area.

Climate Change

Long term shifts in temperature or weather patterns mainly driven by human activity releases greenhouse gasses and other toxins. At this point it means the earth is slowly heating up.

Coca-Cola

A carbonated soft drink.

Communication

The exchange of information through speaking, writing, or some other medium.

Cultural Pluralism

Where a minority group maintains its distinct culture while participating in society with a separate, dominant culture.

deforestation

When large portions of forests are cut down or thinned for the purpose of timber or to clear land for other uses like crops or factories or roads.

Deng

Leader of the People’s Republic of China beginning in the late 1970’s and ending around the same time as the Cold War.

Desertification

The process by which vegetation in drylands decreases and eventually disappears. This process started to become more noticeable and well known in the 1930’s (before the Cold War).

Diabetes

A health issue where the body doesn’t control insulin (maintains blood sugar) very well. If not controlled it can lead to serious health problems.

Disenfranchisement

The legal removal of the right to vote.

Drought

A prolonged dry period in a natural climate cycle. During, before, and after the Cold War, many droughts started up in many parts of the world.

Ebola

A disease caused by a virus. There was an outbreak of this disease in Uganda between 2013 and 2016, having a huge impact on the socioeconomic stability of the country.

Epidemic

A rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts.

European Union

A union of European states (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden) founded in the 1990’s that attempts to unite European countries. It is rooted in the union formed for stability and security in Europe after WWII.

Facebook

A social media platform designed for people to connect through videos, pictures, articles, or “opinions”.

Gender

The social constructs of a women or man’s characteristics. After war and after the Cold War, gender equality became an especially large issue, starting with women in the workforce.

Globalization

Global interaction and integration in economy, culture, and population. It especially boomed after the end of the Cold War.

GMO

(Genetically Modified Organism) an animal or plant who’s DNA has been altered in order to yield a certain quality in a product. Discovered in 1973 and first approved in 19802, this technology’s journey began during the Cold War.

Green Revolution

(Also known as the Third Agricultural Revolution) a period of new crop technologies and large agricultural yield. Beginning in developing countries, these new techniques spread globally till around 1980 (during the Cold War).

Green Peace

An organization that attempts to educate and come up with solutions for global climate change issues. The organization was founded during the Cold War, and is still around today.

HIV

A sexually transmitted disease (treatable but not curable) that can worsen, becoming AIDS. The epidemic of this disease began during the Cold War.

Influenza

(also known as the flu) A contagious respiratory illness whose pandemic began and ended before the start of the Cold War.

International Monetary Fund

(IMF) A fund that monitors the international monetary system and global economic developments, identifying risks and recommending policies to international companies. Founded right before the beginning of the Cold War.

Internet

A global computer network that “came out” in the 1980’s.

Irish Republican Army

An Irish paramilitary (runs like a military but not part of the government) force that sought to end British Rule in Northern Ireland.

Kyoto Protocol

A failed protocol that attempted to extend the United Nations climate change goals to multiple countries. It was meant to control the emission of greenhouse gasses, but didn’t encompass developing countries and ended up failing. (Adopted in the late 1990’s)

Liberation Theology

A Christian theological movement that addresses the problems of poverty and social injustice that rose during the late 19th century.

Malaria

A serious disease caused by a parasite that infects some mosquitos. When bit by one, the disease is transmitted to humans. The pandemic of the disease ended around the same time the Cold War ended.

Margaret Sanger

Known as the “Women Rebel”, she spearheaded the birth control movement in the United States, opening the first birth control clinic and coining the term “birth control” before the Cold War.

Margaret Thatcher

The first female prime minister of the United Kingdom, implementing economic systems now known as Thatcherism.

Market Economy

An economic system where supply and demand direct the production of goods and services.

Multinational

Including or involving several countries or nationalities.

NAFTA

(North American Free Trade Agreement) A free trade zone for the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. It began right after the Cold War ended and led to booming trade in the three countries.

Negritude

An anti-colonial movement seeking to restore the importance of “blackness” in African culture. Founded by a group of African and Caribbean students in Paris, the movement began right before and lasted through the Cold War.

One Child Policy

Program in China that limited Chinese families to one child. A response to the massive population growth that began shortly after the Cold War. The program was ended in 2016.

OPEC

(Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) Organization that enables the cooperation between major oil-producing countries. Played a role in power and aid (especially monetary) in conflicts after the Cold War.

Outsourcing

A business practice where a company hires a third party to perform tasks, handle operations, or provide services. It was a popular practice for companies during the Cold War.

Pan Africanism

Attempt to create unity and collaboration between all people of African decent.

Pan Arabism

A political movement (late 19the century) advocating for the political, cultural, and socioeconomic unity of Arabs across different states that emerged after decolonization.

Pandemic

Epidemic of infectious diseases that has spread across a large region.

Pinochet

(Augusto Pinochet Ugarte) A Chilean general and dictator from 1973 to 1990.

Polio

Disabling and life-threatening disease that affects the spinal cord, causing paralysis, that broke out during the Cold War.

Quebec

Province in Canada. Canada led NATO states to build up their military forces during the Cold War.

Quebecois

A native or inhabitant of Quebec, Canada.

Rainforest

Tropical forests that help stabilize climate.

Reggae

Music genre that originated in Jamaica, inspiring counterculture movements in Europe, US, and Africa.

Romero

Important religious figure in Spain who advocated for human rights.

Ronal Reagan

Actor and U.S. president after Jimmy Carter.

Dr. Jonas Salk

Medical researcher who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines.

Smart phone

A “smart” telephone that includes more than just call features.

Smog

Air pollution.

Strip mining

A manner of mining that involves “striping” away chunks of land at a time, a system that is environmentally harmful.

Suffrage

The right to vote.

The Troubles

(Also called the Northern Ireland Conflict) A conflict in Ireland between Protestants who wanted to remain part of the UK, and the Catholics who did not.

Three Gorges Dam

A hydroelectric (is renewable) gravity dam across the Yangtze river in China.

Transportation

The manner of moving something or someone around.

Tuberculosis

A deadly disease (mainly in the lungs) that is spread through the air.

Twitter

Social media company

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Adopted by the UN, an international document preserving the rights and freedoms of all human beings.

Universal Suffrage

Ensures the right to vote for as many people possible, so long as they are bound under the government’s laws (“one person, one vote”).

Women’s Liberation Movement

A movement for equality through protests and awareness (1960’s through 1980’s ish).

World Bank

International institution providing funds and loans to low and middle-income countries.

World Cup

International football competition.

WTO

(World Trade Organization) An intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

Zapatista Movement

12-day uprising in Chiapas, Mexico, to protest the enactment of the North American Free Trade agreement.