Proteins

Amino acid

A monomer which makes up proteins

Amino acid: Structure (2)

Has a central carbon atom - bonded to H atom below and R group above

-NH2 on the left and -COOH on the right

Carboxyl group

The -COOH group of an amino acid

Disulfide bridge

Bond formed between sulphur atoms in R groups of amino acids

Hydrogen bond (2)

Chemical bond between the positive charge on a hydrogen aton and the negative charge on another atom of an adjacent molecule

Often between negative oxygen and positive hydrogen atoms

Ionic bond

A bond between a positive ion which has lost an electron and a negative ion which has gained an electron

Peptide bond

The type of bond that is formed between two amino acids

Polypeptide

Many amino aicds joined together by peptide bonds

Primary protein structure

The sequence of amino acids that makes up the polypetides of a protein

Protein

A polymer which is made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

May also contain prosthetic groups as part of its quaternary structure

R-group (2)

Each of the 20 amino acids has a different r group

Determines the bonding that the amino acids can carry out

Secondary protein structure

The way in which the chain of amino acids of the polypeptides of a protein is folded

Tertitary protein structure

The folding of a whole polypeptide chain in a precise way, as determined by the amino acids which it is composed

What are proteins made of (4)

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen in their amine group

What are two amino acids called?

Dipeptide

Primary structure 1: Sequence

The number and sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Primary Structure 2: Impact (2)

Can determine the 3D shape or tertiary structure and can

Affects the shape of the active site in enzymes