CORO:🤖 Arduino Analog Systems & Circuit Logic

What is a voltage divider?

A voltage divider is a circuit made from resistors connected in series that produces a smaller voltage from a larger supply voltage.

It allows an Arduino to measure changes in resistance as a changing voltage.

Why are voltage dividers useful in robotics?

They allow physical changes, such as light intensity or knob position, to be converted into a changing voltage that the Arduino can measure.

What law is used to calculate voltage and current in a circuit?

Ohm's Law:

V=I×R

In a series circuit, how is voltage distributed between resistors?

The voltage is distributed in proportion to the resistance of each resistor.

A resistor with a larger resistance receives a larger share of the total voltage.

What happens if two resistors in series have equal resistance?

They receive equal amounts of voltage.

Example:

Supply = 6 V

Resistor 1 = 3 Ω
Resistor 2 = 3 Ω

Each gets:

3 V

What happens if one resistor has a larger resistance than another?

The resistor with the larger resistance gets a larger voltage drop.

What are the three steps for calculating voltage across a resistor in a series circuit?

Step 1

Calculate total resistance:

Rtotal​=R1​+R2​+…

Step 2

Calculate total current:

I=Rtotal​/Vtotal​​

Step 3

Calculate voltage across the chosen resistor:

Vx​=I×Rx​

Memorise this process.

Two 3 Ω resistors are connected to a 6 V supply. What is the total resistance?

RT​=3+3

RT​=6Ω​

If the total resistance is 6 Ω and the supply is 6 V, what is the current?

I=RV

​I=6/6

​I=1A

What voltage is across a 3 Ω resistor when 1 A flows through it?

V=IR

V=1×3

V=3V

A 6 V battery is connected to a 3 Ω and 9 Ω resistor in series. What is the total resistance?