Organic Molecules

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Molecule

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A compound formed by bonding two or more elements.

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Inorganic Molecules

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Compounds that don’t normally come from living things and often do NOT contain carbon. Relatively small, simple molecules.

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Flashcards about Organic Molecules

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27 Terms

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Molecule

A compound formed by bonding two or more elements.

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Inorganic Molecules

Compounds that don’t normally come from living things and often do NOT contain carbon. Relatively small, simple molecules.

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Organic Molecule

A molecule that must contain at least one carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond.

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Native State

The state a compound takes under normal conditions

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Covalent Bond

Atoms share electrons to form this type of bond.

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Hydrocarbons

Carbon chains with hydrogen attached exclusively.

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Functional Group

A combination of atoms attached to the carbon backbone which always acts in the same way.

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Functional Groups

Molecular fragments which affect the function and characteristics of the molecule.

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Hydrophilic

Describes a molecule's affinity for water; water-loving.

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Hydrophobic

Describes a molecule's aversion to water.

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Isomers

Two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures.

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Monomers

Large macromolecules assembled from many similar small components.

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Polymer

The assembled chain of monomers.

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Dehydration Synthesis

A covalent bond is formed by removing a hydroxyl group (OH) from one subunit and a hydrogen (H) from another, essentially the removal of a molecule of water (H2O) linking the two subunits together.

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Monomer

Single subunits.

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Dimer

Two subunits joined together.

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Polymer

Many monomers joined together.

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Hydrolysis

Breaking polymers by adding water.

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Enzymes

Required to perform dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis.

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Hydroxyl (-OH)

Confers alcohol (hydrophilic) properties to hydrocarbon chains. Polar due to high electronegativity of oxygen. Attract water easily.

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Amine (-NH2)

Confer amine properties to hydrocarbons, forming amino acids -> proteins. Acts as a base because nitrogen attracts H+H^+ out of solution.

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Carboxyl (-COOH)

Confer acid properties to hydrocarbons. Donates H+H^+ which decreases the pH in solution. Important in amino acid structures.

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Carbonyl (aldehyde) (-CHO)

A carbonyl group where carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

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Carbonyl (ketone) (-C=O)

A carbonyl group where carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

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Phosphate (-PO4)

Forms when phosphoric acid (H3PO4H3PO4) dissociates. Important in energy transfer and in DNA.

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Sulfhydryl (-SH)

Contains a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.

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Methyl (-CH3)

Only hydrophobic group. Consists of a carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.