Molecule
A compound formed by bonding two or more elements.
Inorganic Molecules
Compounds that don’t normally come from living things and often do NOT contain carbon. Relatively small, simple molecules.
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Flashcards about Organic Molecules
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Molecule
A compound formed by bonding two or more elements.
Inorganic Molecules
Compounds that don’t normally come from living things and often do NOT contain carbon. Relatively small, simple molecules.
Organic Molecule
A molecule that must contain at least one carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond.
Native State
The state a compound takes under normal conditions
Covalent Bond
Atoms share electrons to form this type of bond.
Hydrocarbons
Carbon chains with hydrogen attached exclusively.
Functional Group
A combination of atoms attached to the carbon backbone which always acts in the same way.
Functional Groups
Molecular fragments which affect the function and characteristics of the molecule.
Hydrophilic
Describes a molecule's affinity for water; water-loving.
Hydrophobic
Describes a molecule's aversion to water.
Isomers
Two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures.
Monomers
Large macromolecules assembled from many similar small components.
Polymer
The assembled chain of monomers.
Dehydration Synthesis
A covalent bond is formed by removing a hydroxyl group (OH) from one subunit and a hydrogen (H) from another, essentially the removal of a molecule of water (H2O) linking the two subunits together.
Monomer
Single subunits.
Dimer
Two subunits joined together.
Polymer
Many monomers joined together.
Hydrolysis
Breaking polymers by adding water.
Enzymes
Required to perform dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis.
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Confers alcohol (hydrophilic) properties to hydrocarbon chains. Polar due to high electronegativity of oxygen. Attract water easily.
Amine (-NH2)
Confer amine properties to hydrocarbons, forming amino acids -> proteins. Acts as a base because nitrogen attracts H+ out of solution.
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Confer acid properties to hydrocarbons. Donates H+ which decreases the pH in solution. Important in amino acid structures.
Carbonyl (aldehyde) (-CHO)
A carbonyl group where carbon is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
Carbonyl (ketone) (-C=O)
A carbonyl group where carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Phosphate (-PO4)
Forms when phosphoric acid (H3PO4) dissociates. Important in energy transfer and in DNA.
Sulfhydryl (-SH)
Contains a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Methyl (-CH3)
Only hydrophobic group. Consists of a carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms.